The Negative Effect Of Clubbing On The Body

The Negative Effect Of Clubbing On The BodyThe levels of clubbing and video gaming film increased in the twenty dollar bill first century however the sight that go out dont greet realise that they be snuff iting victim to the unhidden dangers of clubbing. Epilepsy and knocker outpourings be conditions that accept been associated with stress, bad nutrition and opposite major triggers of the conditions without realising that even the so-called fun places and gadgets we spend time on can be a danger to our lives, or the lives of an epileptic. Commonly employ strobe lights in the clubs can lead to photo sensitive epilepsy which isnt just in that location to enhance the hype of the clubbing, but ar a serious danger. The rhyme of the medicinal drug in the nighttime clubs can similarly lead to severe consequences much(prenominal) as cardiac arrest. on that pointfore in this assignment we depart be trying to take a shit aware to all people the dangers of the fun side of our lives, mostly to the young people who have adapted to the twenty first century style of living.Negative effects of music on the listtSome display cases of music can cause the brain to lose its dimension between its right and unexpended halves, or hemispheres. It can likewise generate diminished work capabilities in adults. The specific guinea pig of grind away may be at fault. The types of music that cause these effects on the brain are mostly aggressive forms of music such as heavy rock or rap. The anapestic beat causes the switching of the brain, that is, the symmetry that embodys between the two hemispheres of the brain is destroyed. This strains the heart and causes a stress to the body, weakening the muscles. (Heather, S, 2006, pg1)The anapaestic beat, which is the type of rhythm prove in hard rock music, is known to be the exact opposite rhythm to that of our heart. Naturally this interrupts the natural rhythm of the heart, and disturbs normal heart rate and resul ts in a strain or stress to the body. (Heather, S, 2006, pg1) Loud, degraded st whizzs throwd music significantly increases the heart rate and when heart rate increases, cardiac output and resultantly blood gouge overly go up. Blood pressure is raised by crisp, repeated chords. Both consonant and dissonant chords exert a profound effect on a persons pulse and respiration. (Frederick, W, 2007, pg32)Intense or loud music e.g. rock, electro result in the bodys release of the fight or flight hormones, i.e. epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol by the adrenal glands. This is followed by the constriction of the tiny blood vessels and consequently the increase in the blood pressure and heart rate. (Navaro, R, 2009, pg73) the guidance the body reacts can be likened to the like way it reacts when under stress or strain. Heart rate acceleration is associated with loudness , the tempo and the musical complexity of the music that is, as the tempo increases and the music becomes louder and with the inclusion of several instruments comes the marked and rapid increase in circulatory and cardiac activity. (Kahn A,P, 2009, pg220)The increase in blood pressure imputable to the strain brought on the body is counteracted by blocking/inhibition of the central sympathetic outflow of the heart and peripheral circulation. Baroreceptors are able to detect the changes in the vessel walls, which occurs due to the changes in the arterial pressure. The regulation occurs sequentially, from the intermediolateral cell column, to the preganglionic neurons, sympathetic ganglia, and to the post ganglionic sympathetic heart and souls directed to the heart, arterioles, veins and kidneys. This homeostatic process is referred to as the Baroreflex negative feedback loop which is the bodys way to react to increased blood pressure. The final result is a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate. (Fink, 2000, pg241)http//s1.favim.com/orig/26/adidas-party-rave-strobe-lights-Favim.com-227934.jpg h ttp//a0.twimg.com/profile_images/768839063/SoundSystemSpkrWall.jpg(DJ in night club, n.d.) (Picture of a sound system, n.d.)Positive Effect of Music on the HeartMusic can have a positive effect on the body. This however does non include house, club, rave or any music with a fast beat.Classical music can cause the heart rate (pulse) to relax to the beat of the music as the rhythm is leaden and calming. Such classical music includes that of the baroque period. As the heart rate becomes more relaxed so does the body, this allows for increased concentration. By having a decreased heart rate a persons blood pressure will decrease in any case, allowing for enhanced learning abilities. (Anon, 2012)Music doesnt just affect the heart rate, but also the frequency and amplitude of the brain waves. This is measured with an electroencephalogram. As easy as effecting the breathing rate and the skins electric resistance. So depending on the pace of the music depends on how the breathing rate, brain waves and the skins galvanizing resistance will be affected. Calming music will decrease the breathing rate although the breaths that will be taken will be deep allowing for increased oxygen to be supplied doneout the body. (Anon, 2012)How a heart storm happens/ What is a heart bamFor our hearts to function we need oxygen and nutrients, this ensures that the heart carries on beating. The rhymatic beating of the heart allows nutrients and oxygen to be pumped in and around the body which ensures our survival. When in that location is a shortage or no oxygen, the heart will not be able to function normally. This is known as a heart attack or a coronary thrombosis attack. (Anon, 2012)This happens when the coronary arteries which carry the oxygen to the heart become blocked. This blockage can be due to cholesterol, fatty and other substances which are known collectively as plaque. Causing the arteries to become thick and hard. This is known as atherosclerosis. (Anon, 2012)T his plaque is dangerous in many ways one of them be that the plaque can break in the coronary artery causing a blood clot in this area. This blood clot blocks the coronary artery, cold shoulder off the blood supply to the heart. This is known as an ischemia. During this blockage if any damage or death of any part of the heart muscle has occurred during an ischemia this is known as myocardial in furthestction (MI). (Anon, 2012)There can also be an obstruction in the artery other than a blockage jumper lead to a heart attack. (Anon, 2012)(With some of the above mentioned heart attacks such as atherosclerosis, at that place are no symptoms as the body has compensated for the narrowing of the coronary arteries by widening other arteries.) (Anon, 2012)An angina attack can often be confused for a heart attack. An angina pectoris is when the longanimous of role feels a sharp pain in his/her chest. This does not cause any damage to the heart muscle whereas a heart attack does. An angina pectoris occurs normally during exercise or emotional pain causing the patients blood pressure to increase beyond normal. (Anon, 2012)Other causes of a heart attack can be a muscle cramp iron in the coronary artery blocking the blood supply flow towards the heart muscle hindering the oxygen and vital supply of nutrients to the heart. The cause of the spasm is unknown and can occur in an ordinary artery or in one that has a blockage. If the spasm is severe this can lead to a heart attack. (Anon, 2012)Cardiac arrest is when there is an abnormal heart beat. This is slightly dissimilar to a heart attack because it is due to the hearts electrical system. This is when the electrical system malfunctions. Cardiac arrest sometimes known as sudden cardiac death SCD is when there is an irregular heartbeat, Arrhymias. Most common is ventricular fibrillation this is when the lower chambers of the heart discipline pumping blood. Death will occur in a few minutes if CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) or using a defibrillator to restore the normal heart beat. (Anon, 2012)Warning signs of a heart attackChest pain/discomfortDiscomfort in the upper body regionsdyspnea shortness of breathCold sweatsNauseaFatigue light headedPalpitations heart lovingnessing fast(Anon, 2012)Risk factors which promote heart disorder smokeDiet high in saturated fatsElevated cholesterol levelsObesity (Anon, 2012)How is a heart attack treated?Treatment of a heart attack may be both surgical and non-surgical. The type of manipulation administered to a heart attack patient depends on the type of heart attack they are suffering from and treatment window (time span) in which treatment may be offered. Because only a few hospitals offer 24 hour percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures, clot-dissolving music is used to re brusk arteries that may be clogged. Such medication may not be used on patients with neurological disorders, expectant patients, patients who have had major s urgery or trauma in the past 6 weeks and patients who had been vomiting blood. (Amy and Elliot, 2006)AngioplastyShould a doctor decide that a patient inescapably an angioplasty, artery blockages will be observed on an angiogram (an x-ray of the hearts arteries) in a catheterization laboratory. A PCI is then performed by a cardiologist, in which the patient will remain awake throughout the self-coloured procedure. During this procedure the skin is numbed, and a needle is inserted through the skin and a catheter and a soft-tipped guide equip are threaded into the aorta, and then into the heart using the needle. The catheter tip is passed through the arteries that transport the blood to the heart. Once the catheter is in place, a dye is injected into the heart vessels to make any blockages visible on x-ray. A tiny balloon on the tip of the catheter is inflated to unblock the artery. After the procedure, a stent is inserted where the blockage was. The stent is will remain permanentl y in the heart and may in some cases slowly release medication over time which prevents the growth of scar wander and also prevents the formation of clots on that site. The recovery process may then take place in the coronary care unit which is an intensive care unit, where the patient will be monitor lizarded with ECGs, blood tests and routine checkups 24 hours a day. (Anon., 2012)Antiplatelet medication is prescribed to patients with newly inserted stents. This medication is important to prevent clotting in the stents. This medication must be taken by the patient for at least 12 months. If a patient snap offs taking the medication too briefly it may result in a clot that may block the flow of blood through the stent resulting in some other heart attack. Medication such as beta-blockers, aspirin and statin may also be prescribed by the cardiologist to prevent future heart attacks.In the event that non-surgical treatment is preferred by the doctor, medication can be administere d to the patient. The medication is used to prevent future blood clots, break up existing clots, prevent platelets from concourse and sticking to the plaque, stabilize the plaque, and prevent any blood supply restrictions to tissues in the body. In order to decrease the damage that the heart muscle can brook it is vital that the medication is administered within 30 minutes from when the heart attack symptoms occurred. (Anon., 2012)Medication used in heart attack treatment includesaspirin clot buster therapy (clot busters)heparinother antiplatelet drugsShould a patient have more than 3 blocked arteries, coronary artery revolve surgery is usually recommended.Coronary artery bypass surgeryThis type of surgery is used to improve the flow of blood to the heart in people with severe coronary artery disease that puts them in the risk of having a heart attack. During this surgery a blocked coronary artery and a healthy vein or artery are joined together in order to improve the flow of bl ood and oxygen to the heart. 85% of individuals who undergo this surgery are at a less(prenominal) risk of having future heart attacks, they experience fewer symptoms, and they have a lower chance of dying within 10 years after the surgery. There are different types of coronary artery bypass surgery. (Anon., 2012). These include-Traditional coronary artery bypass surgeryThis is the most common type of bypass surgery and is performed when a bypass is needed on at least one major artery. During this procedure, the chest is opened exposing the heart and medication is used to stop the heart until the end of the procedure. The heart is operated on whilst a heart-lung machine is used to pump blood around the body, not depleting the oxygen supply throughout the whole body. Electric shocks are used to start the heart a name after the surgery. (Anon., 2012)Off-pump coronary artery bypass surgeryThis type of surgery is also open heart surgery and is similar to the traditional coronary artery bypass surgery. The difference is that the heart is not stopped which reduces the recovery time and also reduces the hail of complications that may occur during and after surgery.(Anon., 2012)Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgeryThis type of surgery is similar to the off-pump bypass surgery, keep out it is not open heart surgery. It is used to bypass the vessels in anterior of the heart.it isnt commonly used as it is a new procedure and it is used in cases where more than two arteries are going to be bypassed. The procedure itself is one in which small incision are made in-between the ribs on the odd hand side of the body to access the vessels. (Anon., 2012)Description http//topnews.in/usa/files/heart_attack.jpg(Rose, 2008)What is epilepsy?This is a term used to define condition in which an individual has recurring seizures of also known as fits. These occur when there is a disruption in the messages being relayed across the brain between brain cells resulting in a jumble up or a complete halt of messages in the brain. These seizures occur when there is too much sudden brain activity. Each individual who has epileptic fits experiences then in a way that is unique to them, this is because there are different types of seizures and the type of seizure experienced depends the positioning of the epileptic activity, how wide and how fast in the brain the epileptic activity spreads. (Anon, 2012)The cause of some of the epileptic syndromes is unknown while for others it may be hereditary. The type of epilepsy syndrome is usually described harmonise to its symptoms or where in the brain it occurs. There are many different types of epilepsy syndromes some of which begin in infancy, while others begin in adulthood. Some stop during adolescence or early adulthood whilst others are chronic. (Anon, 2012)Different types of epilepsyPhotosensitive epilepsyIn the event that epileptic seizures are caused by flickering lights or flashing lights, it is ref erred to as photosensitive epilepsy. In this type of epilepsy, natural or artificial lights and checked or striped patterns may also result in the seizures occurring. The seizure occurs during or shortly after the individual has been exposed to the cause. This type of epilepsy usually occurs to individuals between the ages of 7 and 19 and it affects more boys than girls. (Anon,2012)Absence epilepsyThis type of epilepsy is usually hereditary and begins from infancy to adolescence. Individuals with this type of epilepsy experience absence seizures that happen repeatedly. During the seizures individuals have reported symptoms such as a jerking arm or rapidly blinking eyes, whilst others have reported no symptoms at all except for feeling out of it. These symptoms have no effect on an individuals intelligence however, they could affect learning a school or daily activities if they occur. (Anon 2012)Psychomotor epilepsyWith this type of epilepsy, during seizures individuals experience st clutches emotions, sensations and behaviour. Its name is used to describe partial seizures that keep occurring in the temporal lobe of the brain.occipital lobe epilepsyThis type of epilepsy is similar to temporal and frontal lobe epilepsy, however it usually begins with rapid eye blinking, individuals visualizing hallucinations and/other symptoms which have to do with the eyes. (Anon, 2012)Frontal lobe epilepsyThis type of epilepsy has many different types of its kind which are described according to where in the frontal lobe they may occur. It describes a reoccurrence of short seizures which may dead stop or begin at any moment in time. (Anon, 2012)Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE)This type of epilepsy is the most common with partial sezuires.it may cause memory loss and make learning knotty as it causes a structure in the brain called the hippocampus to shrink. This structure is vital for learning and memory. Although the damage which may be caused by temporal lobe seizures may take years to occur, it is advised that it is treated early and as effectively as possible to prevent and further damage that may occur. (Anon, 2012)Juvenile Myoclonic EpilepsyThis type of epilepsy is chronic and doesnt always begin in childhood, however once a person has it they have to live with it for the rest of their lives. An example of this type of epilepsy is Ramsay Hunt Syndrome type II which begins in the early adulthood and causes muscle coordination to be reduced, seizures and reduces the abilities to learn, remember, pay attention and solve problems. (Anon, 2012)Lennox-Gastaut SyndromeThis type of epilepsy begins in childhood. It has many symptoms which include sudden travel or drop attacks during seizures called atonic seizures. It is very difficult to treat and is also very severe. (Anon, 2012)Strobe lights causing epilepsy.Individual strobes or small throngs of strobes have been used in entertainment venues for years. They even became a symbol or sign of night fun, bec ause most of the night clubs use strobe lights and loud music to heat up the fun, without noticing or being aware that this triggered epileptic seizures known as photosensitive epilepsy. Photosensitive epilepsy has been known and studied for many years. Many people are unaware that they are sensitive to flickering lights or to certain kinds of patterns until they have a seizure. They may never go on to develop epilepsy, which is characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures, though a seizure may be triggered by certain photic conditions. Many individuals who are disturbed by light depiction do not develop seizures but experience other symptoms such as headache, nausea, dizziness and more. Photosensitive epilepsy is more common in children and adolescents, especially those with conclude epilepsy, in particular juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. It becomes less frequent with age, with relatively few cases in the mid-twenties. Apparently, there is considerable body of knowledge relative to strobes and photosensitive epilepsy. Standards exist regarding the use of strobes in signalling applications such as for fire alarms. (Anon, 2012)It should be famous that it is not the strobe that is the problem any light flashing at the noted frequencies may be a problem to photosensitive people. Seizures may be triggered by exposure to telecasting secrecys (flickering and rolling of pictures), to computer monitors, to certain video games or TV broadcasts containing rapid flashes or alternating patterns of different colours, and to intense strobe lights like visual fire alarms. (Harding, 2008)In the U.S. population stats show that less than 5% of those who suffer from epilepsy are photosensitive. This means that approximately one in 4,000 individuals suffer from this less than 100,000 in the U.S. population. There is high possibility that even in other countries the same stats still stands, but the characteristics of severally individuals susceptibility are unique this mea ns there could a great variety on severity of the condition. It is well addressed in articles that the range of 15 to 20 Hz is of greatest concern however some individuals are susceptible to flashing lights as slow as 5 Hz and some as high as 84 Hz as individuals are susceptible to in different ways. (Anon, 2012) commonwealth should check with their doctors if they are concerned about flashing lights triggering seizures. Chances are that the medical records will indicate how you responded to flashing lights during the electroencephalogram (EEG), a test done routinely in most people with epilepsy. During this test, sensors are attached to the patients scalp to monitor the electrical activity of the brain in various conditions, including light stimulation generated by a strobe positioned in front of the eyes. An abnormal response when the patient is exposed to various frequencies of flashing lights indicates the presence of photosensitivity. (Anon, 2012)Ways that would help prevent th e triggering of these conditions. suspend exposure to certain kinds of flashing lights andCover one eye and turn away from the direct light source when in the presence of flashing lights. worldwide tips offered by the Epilepsy Foundation Organisation in America to reduce the chances of causing epileptic seizures. (Anon, 2012)Visual Fire Alarm Strobe LightsIn most workplaces and places divine service the public, including theatres, restaurants, and recreation areas, are required to have fire alarms, which flash as well as ring so that people who cannot hear or cannot hear well will know that there is an emergency.To reduce the likelihood of the strobe light triggering a seizure, the Epilepsy Foundations professional advisory board recommends thatthe flash rate be kept to under 2 Hertz with breaks any so often between flashes andflashing lights should be placed at a distance from each other and set to flash together at the same time to avoid an increase in the number of individual f lashes. (Anon, 2012)Television ScreensWatch television in a well-lit room to reduce the contrast between light from the set and light in the room.Reduce the brightness of the screen.Keep as far back from the screen as possible.Use the remote control to change channels on the TV so you wont have to get too close to the set.Avoid watching for long periods of time.Wear polarized sunglasses while viewing television to reduce glare. (Anon, 2012)VideogamesSit at least 2 feet from the screen in a well-lit room.Reduce the brightness of the screen.Do not let children play videogames if they are tired.Take frequent breaks from the games and look away from the screen every once in a while. Do not close and open eyes while looking at the screen blinking may relieve seizures in sensitive individuals.Cover one eye while playing alternating which eye is covered at regular intervals.Turn the game off if strange or unusual feelings or body jerks develop. (Anon, 2012)Computer MonitorsUse a flicker- free monitor (LCD display or flat screen).Use a monitor glare guard.Wear non-glare glasses to reduce glare from the screen.Take frequent breaks from tasks involving the computer. (Anon, 2012)http//blog.eastside.org/wordpress/jamiea/files/2012/02/Lights.jpg(Strobe lights, 2012)What happens during a seizure (Epilepsy)Normally the brain controls the functions of the body, either by interpreting electrical messages from sensory nerves or by generating electrical impulses for transmission down the motor nerves to the muscles. This normal electrical activity can be measured by taking an Electroencephalogram (EEG), using an instrument called an Electroencephalograph. The EEG does not provide a sure diagnose of Epilepsy. (Encyclopaedia of family health)http//www.drugs.com/health-guide/images/205052.jpg(Neurology, 2012)During an epileptic attack, the electrical impulses recorded by the EEG increases in voltage and frequency, so that what appeared to be a reasonably ordered pattern of electri cal activity becomes frenzied. The attack usually begins at one spot and then spreads as the fits develops to involve the whole brain.(Encyclopaedia of family Health)When there are disordered electrical activities over the whole brain, the attack which seldom lasts more than a minute or two may begin with a patient experiencing a strange sensation or an odd unreal smell and a phenomenon called the Dj vu. This stage of the attack is known as Aura, followed immediately by the tonic seizure, during which the muscles contract and remain contracted, the patient loses control and falls steadfast to the ground. Patient shouts and passes into the Clonic phase, when the arms and legs twitch and the breath is held. In the clonic and tonic phases the sufferer will feel confused and drowsy and may sleep. palsy may then develop in one or more limbs and last for an hour or more. (Encyclopaedia of family health)In ChildrenSeizures are called petit mal. The child does not fall down but loses touch with the world for a few seconds, results in confusion and forgetful. If the Seizure attacks the child when they are speaking, he or she will suddenly stop for a couple of seconds then continue as if nothing happened. The child is unaware of the attacks. (Encyclopaedia of family health)What to do if someone has an Epileptic SeizureIt is important to know that It is not possible to stop the attack, but helpful to protect the person having such an attack from injury. Here is what to do if someone has an Epileptic Seizure escort that the patient cannot bang his or her limbs against any hard furniture, and keep him or her well away from any fireplace. A child should not be left alone until the attack is over.Do not attempt to push anything into the patients mouth or to force the jaws open. The jaws are powerfully clenched, and it is possible to cause an injury by trying to open them.When the fit is over, turn the patient gently onto one side and loosen his or her clothes on the neck so that there is no difficulty in breathing.If the fit has happened in an unsafe place, get the patient to safety quickly.If someone in the family has a fit for the first time, confound the Doctor a careful, detailed account of what happened during the attack and just before it. This will help the Doctor make the correct diagnosis.A child who has a convulsion because of high fever should not be kept warm. Remove blankets and thick clothing, and if temperature rises above 39.40C, sponge the patient all over with tepid weewee until it comes down to 38.80C. (Encyclopaedia of family health)httphttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL3JwB7HmJMWmVXfv8oLxgK8tW1jTKFK9jg8Uut-unX9yOYPMkYa5ATgh5CR4gihLwCeKGy7szJY6dllI3fQlX52Sb0ACIBsz_oZzwy3fTexq3ChbYGi6KOUuTR3wgDgjeJjuRSq82miE/s1600/epilepsy-recovery.jpg(Medical issues seizures, n.d.)The Treatment of Photosensitive EpilepsyAs is the case with all seizures, photosensitive seizures are usually treated with drugs known as anticonvulsants. Anticonvulsants refer to a group of diverse pharmaceutical products which are used in both the prevention and the trea tment of epilepsy. In photosensitive epilepsy, Sodium Valproate is the recommended treatment. Sodium Valproate works to prevent an free of electrical activity in the brain, thus calming the brain and preventing the occurrence of fits. Chemicals referred to as neurotransmitters are stored in nerve cells. Their function is to transmit messages between the nerve cells. GABA, is a neurotransmitter that acts to calm the nerves, its function is to maintain a balance of the nerve activity in the brain. Sodium Valproate works to increase the production of the neurotransmitter GABA in the brain and prevent the breakdown of this neurotransmitter, ultimately this results in the stabilising of the electrical nerve activity and achieving the desired therapeutic outcome, preventing seizures. These drugs cannot completely cure epilepsy but through their use, by strictly following the prescribed drug regimen, epilepsy may be controlled and prevented. (Anon,2008)Although antiepileptic drugs are the most common methods of treatment of epilepsy, but they may not always be effective. Other methods of treatment of epilepsy include wandering nerve nerve Nerve Stimulation The treatment works by sending mild impulses of energy to the brain, via the Vagus nerve via an implanted device (Anon,2007) . This is a treatment used as an option for patients who have tried several anti-epileptic drugs and still have not managed to gain adequate control of their seizures. This treatment is used in conjunction with anti-epileptic drugs. The vagus nerve stimulation does not act as a replacement for the drugs the patient is being administered, it works to aid the drugs thus achieving a better therapeutic response from the patient. Vagus nerve stimulation may also take up to two years to have an effect on a patients seizures, but if the treatment is effective, the patient may be allowed to decrease their anti-epileptic doses over time. The aim of vagus nerve stimulation is to reduce the number of seizures, the length of the seizures and the severity of the seizures in a patient. It must be remembered though that the treatment has a wide range of side effects.Diet The ketogenic diet. Ketogenic has the meaning, keto which means ketones and genic meaning producing, thus ketone producing. This diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (Dr. Eric Kossoff, 2006). The formation of ketones is a result of the body using fat as its energy source. With the decrease in the intake of carbohydrates, the bodies usual energy source, the body uses a fat as an alternative energy source, thus prominent rise to ketone formation in the body and ultimately leading to better seizure control.Surgery this treatment is used when epilepsy cannot be controlled in the patient with medication use. There is no guarantee though that the surgery will have an effect on the patient. The aim of the surgery is to remove the damaged brain tissue in order to effectively stop the seizures (Anon, 2012).http//2.bp.b logspot.com/_F9GrVKaAL3Q/StLUJVy0SHI/AAAAAAAAAEc/nRHO2wYxwO0/s320/sodium-valproate-4.jpg(Sodium Valporate, n.d.)ConclusionDue to the high increase of epilepsy and heart attacks it is vital that awareness about the causes of these conditions should be made available. Epileptic patients should wear medical ID bracelets, making it easier to identify what could be happening to them during seizures. Light regulation should be put in place in all night clubs, reducing the speed of the strobe lights, therefore lowering the risk of epileptic seizures. A range of treatment options exist for those who have photosensitive epilepsy, but there is no absolute cure for the condition, therefore awareness plays a vital role in precaution and thus prevention of these epileptic attacks. With regards to the effect of the eudaemonia music genres on the heart and other bodily functions, the best way to curb this is to minimise exposure. This can only be done through people taking initiative to avoid fall ing victim to a health hazard that could have otherwise been avoided. Regulation of the volumes of the music can be another way to lower the risks, as well as avoiding increasing the tempo of the music as is often the case. Places playing heavy metal music should be avoided at all costs. One can eve