Federalizing Aiports Essay -- Airport Security Government control Essa

Federalizing AiportsOn September 11th, 2001, the United States was dealt a devastating blow when our throw airplanes were used as weapons of a terrorist attack. Within just days of the attack our nations leaders began debating over how we could solve our airport security problems. As citizens of the United States were avoiding airports, because they did not seem safe, the House and the Senate of the United States Congress argued whether or not airport security staff should become federal employees. The United States House representatives, and President George W. Bush, discord with the fact that airport security should be federalized. After evaluating the Senates scheme the House found many reasons as to why federalizing airport security is not logical. The proposal to federalize appeared to present many flaws. The fact that the proposition concentrates on passengers and ignores the thousands of caterers, cleaners, refuelers and others with access to airports and jets who lack mand atory background checks or ID cards (Why Federalizing Airport Security is a Bad Thing). With insufficient knowledge of the employees background or identification, another travesty, much like September 11th could occur whether security is federalized or not. The Senates solution to have got one set of standards for the employees concerns the House. With the so-called one size fits all plan, there would be deficient security at many airports, because the sizes of our airports greatly vary. If standards were set to sterilize all major airports, such as Chicago OHare and John F. Kennedy airport in New York, then many small airports would be overwhelmed by the numerate of security they are required to have. As the House stated a one size fits all soluti... ...h government intervention, the interests of the House will also be met by not forcing all airports to federalize their employees. Works CitedBook sourcesHahn, Robert. Risks, costs, and lives saved getting better results from reg ulation. New York Oxford University Press Washington, D.C. AEI Press, 1996.Internet sourcesThe Case Against Federalizing Airport Security. 20 October 2001. Richard W. Rahn. 13 November 2002. <http//www.cat.org/cgi-bin/scripts/printtech.cgi/dailys/10-20-01.html.Senator Clinton Calls on Congress To Adopt Senate Bill Federalizing Airport Security. 6 November 2001. Last viewed 13 November 2002. <http//clinton.senate.gov/news/2001/11/2001B07603.html.Why Federalizing Airport Security Is A Bad Idea. 24 October 2001. Daily Policy Digest. 13 November 2002. <http//www.ncpa.org/iss/ter/2001/pd102401a.html.

Julia Ward Howe VS John Steinbeck :: essays research papers

Julia Ward Howe VS John SteinbeckMine eyes deliver seen the glory, atomic number 18 the words that begin The Battle Hymn of the Republic. A song that is about being virtuous and about an unrelenting faith in god. The Grapes of Wrath is a novel written by John Steinbeck that portrays 1930s and the Great Depression. The styles and form of writing and portraying themes are different. Julia chose to write lyrics for a melody that was well know while John chose to write a many page book. Both The Battle Hymn of the Republic and The Grapes of Wrath are works that were made to incite the reader or singer to push forward.To understand the hymn it is important to understand its origin. This is difficult because historians must find the origins of the lyrics and the melody. Both authors have yet to be proven in their identity. The lyrics were written by Julia Ward Howe. This fact is something that they are sure of. The melody however, still remains a mystery to many people. Historians have successfully traced the song to John Browns Body. This piece was first published in 1858. It had been sung in many versions for a large join of time during the Civil War. And soon thru-out the Sunny South the slaves shall all be free are lyrics that were used by the Negro regiments. As music researches looked deeper into the song, they raise that john Browns Body had an extreme melodic similarities to an older revival hymn. This hymn was entitled Say, Brother, Will You Meet Us. The earliest written verses appeared in 1858. The first copyright was registered on November 27th 1858, by G. S. Scofield in New York City (Allen 1).Lieutenant Chandler, in writing of Shermans March to the Sea, tells that when the troops were halted at black Dale, Georgia, the regimental band played John Browns Body, whereupon a number of Negro girls coming from houses supposed to have been deserted, formed a circle around the band, and in a solemn and dignified manner danced to the tune. The Negro girls , with faces grave and demeanor characteristic of having performed a ceremony of religious tenor, retired to their cabins.

Importance of Costumes in As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and Henry IV, Part One :: As You Like It

Importance of Costumes in As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and Henry IV, Part OneThe Jewish holiday Purim celebrates the rescue of the past Jews of Persia from certain destruction at the hands of Haman. The fair queen Ester tricks the villain, and Haman betrays himself before the king. Each year the story is read aloud amidst great celebration. The children, and even the adults, prune up as their favorite character in the story. Each time Hamans name is uttered, every i makes as much noise as they can to filth out his evil name. According to Jewish tradition, the adults should become so intoxicated on Purim that they can not distinguish Haman from the heroes, Mordechai and Ester. (This is one of the few times that overindulging of this pick out is condoned.) On the eve of Purim Jews dress up as part of the holiday celebration. Being in fancy up gives a certain freedom of action because one is not himself. This same freedom prevails in William Shakespeares As You Like It. Ros alind dresses up as the male character Ganymede. Hidden behind the costume of Ganymede, she speaks freely with Orlando as she would not be able to in her female role, and Orlando loses his shyness and lack of words. Similarly in Henry IV, Part One Falstaff and Prince Henry receive the part of the king. They are putting on a mini-play within a play and are filling roles that are not their own. In order to put down the holiday spirit, people must leave their everyday selves and put on a costume. In the modern world, people have their working and studying attitudes and their free-time costume. The costume may not be literal, although it could be in the case of a costume party, but these attitudes are easily put on and taken dispatch to fit the occasion. Prince Henry, after a discussion with Poins about the great jest they will play on Falstaff, changes his speech pattern from prose to blank verse. Hal speaks to himself about when he will eventually become a serious man and whe n this loose behavior I throw off/And pay the debt I never promised (I.ii.205-6). He very easily switches from the free pattern of prose to the more serious blank verse. Esters tricking Haman was more serious than a mere practical joke.

Under The Influence :: essays research papers

In the first volume of the trilogy, Celestine, in that respect were many positive and negative influences in the life of Celestine. The Indian Department discouraged Celestine in many ways. Father Victor Gaudet also played an important role in her life. Lastly, Celestine faced struggles with her family at home. Some of the positive and negative influences in Celestines life were the discouragement of the Indian Department, Father Victor Gaudet, and her struggles at home. Celestine had many conflicts at the Laing Center. To be admitted to grade maven at the Laing Center, a child had to consume at least one half year of kindergarten. Sister Candida would not accept Celestine because she hadnt attended kindergarten. Then there were Celestines encounters with Mrs. Hoffman at the Church of Christ United Separate School (C.C.U.). Mrs. Hoffman disliked Indians, perhaps, because her husband had had an affair with one. She heard about it and left her husband for a mate of weeks. Celestin e had arrived late to class one morning. As she walked into the classroom, she could feel the teachers disgusting glance. After class was over, Mrs. Hoffman grabbed Celestines arm tightly as she was about to leave. Mrs. Hoffman had heard that Celestine had been to the bars so she threatened to send Celestine to the principals office the next time she went to those bars. Celestine did not let her anger overcome her and was victorious in that situation. Unfortunately for Celestine, this next encounter would have a different outcome. During another session, Mrs. Hoffman had asked Celestine who the mayor of Battle City was. When Celestine couldnt answer quickly, Mrs. Hoffman tried to put pressure on Celestine by rushing her. After view about it for a while, Celestines reply was her grandfather, Chief Moses Deer. This sent the class into an Juliusuproar. Mrs. Hoffman silenced the room by shouting, Oh, youre nothing but a dumb Indian (Piepenburg 280). Celestine bury her head in her arms for the rest of the class. After the session was over, other Raven classmates tried to help Celestine from her depression. Celestine finally rose, but when she tried to leave, Mrs. Hoffman blocked her way. bite builded in Celestine as she struck Mrs. Hoffman on the cheek and slashed her ear. As Mrs. Hoffman cried out, Celestine fled. This resulted in Celestines expulsion from the C.C.U. Separate School. Later, Celestine, her mother Mona Lafluer, and her grandmother, Bella Deer, had planned to see the principal, Martine Sorenson.

Comments on Society in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death Salesman essays

Comments on Society in Arthur millers Death of a SalesmanOften times when we read literature, we can extract certain ideas or messages that the author of the work is nerve-racking to illustrate. After reading the play Death Of A Salesman by Arthur Miller, it is evident that he is trying to gab on our society . These comments on society being expressed are demonstrated in several examples throughout the play. I think the idea that Miller is trying to get across to the audience is that, todays society is filled with people who dont get the credit they deserve for the little things they do in life. These people in society are like unsung heroes because the hard work they do might be overlooked. If others around you see that you are not living up to their expectations or their standards, they may put you down instead of giving you the credit you deserve. Other times we do not appreciate the little things that our loved ones do for us until it is too late. Usually these little things impact us the most. In this play, I think the unsung hero is no doubt Willy Loman, an aging salesman, father, and save to the Loman Family. For example in the play, Willy is getting old and his success in business is suddenly declining. His salary was even taken away, leaving him to depend sole(prenominal) on commission. Because of this, his two sons Biff and Happy, along with others that knew him, constantly put him down for not always being on top, saying how he didnt have any character, and that he was crazy. No one knew him at work anymore and no one showed Willy the respect he needed. Others looked down on him not realizing how exhausted he was trying to make a living bonny for his family. In reality, Willy would drive 700 miles to work and come home without even earning a cent. He had to borrow money from Charley just to provide food on the table so that he could provide a future for his sons. I think that Willy shouldve been acknowledged for that in itself but instead, hi s two sons never even took the time out to thank him for just going out everyday trying to make it in the world. Unfortunately, Biff and Happy could only fully realize this when Willy was at the end of his rope, secretly trying to kill himself.

Comments on Society in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death Salesman essays

Comments on Society in Arthur moth millers Death of a SalesmanOften times when we read literature, we can recoup certain ideas or messages that the author of the work is trying to illustrate. After reading the play Death Of A Salesman by Arthur Miller, it is evident that he is trying to interpretation on our society . These comments on society being expressed are demonstrated in several examples throughout the play. I think the idea that Miller is trying to get across to the audience is that, todays society is filled with people who dont get the credit they deserve for the little things they do in life. These people in society are like unsung heroes because the hard work they do might be overlooked. If others around you see that you are not living up to their expectations or their standards, they may put you down instead of giving you the credit you deserve. Other times we do not appreciate the little things that our loved ones do for us until it is too late. Usually these little things impact us the most. In this play, I think the unsung hero is no doubt Willy Loman, an aging salesman, father, and save to the Loman Family. For example in the play, Willy is getting old and his success in business is suddenly declining. His salary was even taken away, leaving him to depend unless on commission. Because of this, his deuce sons Biff and Happy, along with others that knew him, constantly put him down for not always being on top, saying how he didnt have any character, and that he was crazy. No one knew him at work anymore and no one showed Willy the respect he needed. Others looked down on him not realizing how exhausted he was trying to make a living just now for his family. In reality, Willy would drive 700 miles to work and come home without even earning a cent. He had to borrow money from Charley just to provide food on the table so that he could provide a future for his sons. I think that Willy shouldve been acknowledged for that in itself but instead, his two sons never even took the time out to thank him for just going out everyday trying to make it in the world. Unfortunately, Biff and Happy could only fully realize this when Willy was at the end of his rope, secretly trying to kill himself.

Epic Conventions Essay

1. The story beings in medias res. In Medias Res is Latin for it begins in the middle of things and then has flashbacks to explain go through leading up to that point. In Paradise lost(p), for example, the story begins after hellion and his fellow rebellious angels have been cast from promised land, by God, into Hell. The war in heaven has taken place and Satan is making plans for the ruination of the coming realm of men, Earth, particularly Eden and Gods new creatures, Adam and Eve. 2. The story begins with an conjury (prayer) to a god or gods.The poet, Milton, attempts to recapture the Homeric tradition of reciting an epic poem to an audience, say at a feast. To that end he begins by trade for a blessing for the Christian god whom he refers to in pagan terms as the Heavnly Muse, Milton invokes the pagan ideology that the called upon god or muse came into the small-arm therefore it was non the poet who recited, but the god in the poets body. Poets, then, were considered ver y sacred, for they could call down a god and have the god in them, at least temporarily. We continue to have the remnants of this belief, of course.We lots think of poets or of any true artist as being different or touched by a special hand. In the case of the beginning of Paradise Lost, the poet says something like Sing Heavnly Muse say first what cause moved our grand p arnts in that happy state to fall off from their creator 3. The story begins with a statement of theme. Always, because these poems are so wide and so complex, although the basic stories would have been familiar to the audiences, the poet would begin with announcing what the recitation was to be about.That way, everyone could focus on and appreciate, not so much WHAT was being said, but the WAY THAT IT WAS PRESENTED. In essence, Miltons Paradise Lost retells the story of Genesis but presents it as an epic poem. We are no stranger to that concept we go to concerts where we may already know all of the song. So, w e go to hear the presentation of the songs, which add together to our concepts of the meaning and significance of those songs. 4. The story has many epithets. These epithets are re-naming of the characters, gods, or things by stock phrases.An example is the renaming of Satan as th Arch-Enemy, th apostate angel, O Prince or O Chief of many throned Powers and even falln Cherub. It is important for us to notice these epithets, first, because they add description, and second, because we get confused about who is doing what if we do not recognize the epithets as well as the names. 5. The story uses catalogues of things and characters there are many lists, both long and short. Just as the Old Testament has catalogues of genealogies you remember all those begets just so do ancient epics keep track of the lists of history.In both contain One and accommodate Two of Paradise Lost, for example, there is a list of the principal angels who fell from grace as Satans compatriots. Also listed are their various names and places where they will be worshipped as gods of pagan faiths. 6. There are long formal speeches by many characters. You will not have any trouble spotting these. Sometimes they happen in the heat of battle and other seemingly inappropriate times, but more often they occur at various kinds of meetings, as in an assembly of chieftains.Book One of Paradise Lost is filled with such formal speeches, key among them Satans with his famous line better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heavn. 7. Gods intervene in the affairs of human beings in these stories. For example, in Book Seven of Paradise Lost, Cherubim, Ithuriel and Zephon, sent by God to Eden, find Satan, squat like a toad, close at the ear of Eve. They confront him before more damage is done in terms of corrupting Eve. 8. Epics frequently have epic digressions.These are passages that do not further the action of the story because they are asides or because they are repetitions. Remember that these rec itations did not have TV replay shots. The audience had to remember a large amount of material, so redundancy or reminding them of background material would have been helpful to them. For example, In Book Seven of paradise Lost, Adams conversation with the angel Raphael becomes, in some instances, a recounting of Genesis and even digresses into the topic of angels mating habits.Yet another use for the digression is to provide a prologue of sorts, as an inception seems overlooked due to the epic convention of beginning the poem in medias res. Also this aside more firmly orients the poems audience, given its vast setting, the cosmos. 9. The settings of these stories are vast. Paradise Lost is concerned with the mortal geocentric universe, from Hell to Chaos to the Earthly and Heavenly planes. The stories use the epic simile. An epic simile is a long comparison of two things that are in different classes. They make vivid an image and describes or clarifies.An example can be found in the extensive comparison of Satan, a fallen angel formerly the epitome of celestial light and beauty, to one of the Titans Briareos, whom led the revolt of the Titans against Zeus. Like Briareos, Satan is a vast creature covered in darkness. He is likened to Leviathan, a sea-beast, concealed in the oceans dark depths, or an illusory island hidden in the dark. But the great Leviathan, possibly the whale in Jonahs unfortunate encounter, can rise from the imprisoning dark or return to it after worthy beached upon shore.Satan rose from the depths of Hell to enter Eden, though he could not of course remain. 10. The heroes embody the values of their civilization. In Miltons time the medieval usage of physiognomy was still much employed. After Chaucers example in the Canterbury Tales, physical facades, particularly the face, are believed expressions of a persons inner(a) moral state. For example, much is made of Satans former beauty, an expression of the former purity of his ethical and moral internal being.His former beauty and grace, uttered in terms of light and luster become dim in his confrontation with Ithuriel and Zephon, Cherubim, formerly of a lesser angelic order than Satan, who still in the service of God retain that luminosity of his grace. Paradoxically, the description of Satan as a monstrous, leviathan-like figure is juxtaposed in the poem with his nearly angelic appearance. Fittingly, since Miltons time, physiognomy has fallen out of usage, as many accept evil and malicious intent often has a comely facade.

Compare and contrast images of heroism in these two poems

Heroism is a trait that we lift upm to obligate no problem identifying, yet when asked to define what a fighter is a innumerous of answers emerge. This phenomenon is not unique to todays society the definition of a belligerent is something that is constantly under revision and debate. An example of this can be seen in two ripened pieces of English literature Beowulf, written circa 750-900, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, written circa 1375-1400. These stories both have a main character that possesses fantastic qualities, many of which ar very similar.Gawains personal identity as a hero is not clearly demonstrated, but when compared with Beowulf, who is demonstrated to be a hero, hiss merits earn him that title as well. Exactly what defines a heroic act, or a hero for that matter? Often times we dismiss the question due to its complex nature. But when confronted with an individual with heroic qualities we readily identify them as a hero. So what set of traits makes up t his amorphous definition that we c alone hero? I would agree that the very definition is whizz that is dependent upon the time and society in which its context is being used.A person who shot someone to save the life of another may be viewed as a hero under the scrutiny of one culture, but in a divergent time or location the very paired may be true. Nevertheless, heroes exist and posses these ever changing heroic qualities. Beowulf is clearly demonstrated to be a hero, and we can observe the qualities he possesses to enable him to have that title. While Sir Gawains heroic accomplishments are a little more debatable, I would argue that he deserves the like title he exudes qualities which can be leaded heroic in the context of Arthurian Legend as well as today.Although we can attribute no authorship to Beowulf or Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, we can see that Beowulf was meant to be a hero and if nothing else, Gawain was portrayed as the taradiddles protagonist. One such way this was done was by having neither of the main characters as all powerful rulers in fact each Beowulf and Gawain served some sort of higher authority. Beowulf, throughout approximately 2/3 of the story serves Hrothgar. Similarly, Gawain was not ruler of his soil but served King Arthur. It is important to note that while both served other men, they were not themselves servants.Beowulf traveled from his land to assist in the destruction of Grendel, and Gawain chose to be a knight of the Round Table and indeed viewed his service to Arthur and his kingdom as an honor. By the construct of having both main characters serve others, the author has created more readiness for heroism to become apparent. If the President of the United States were to prevent nuclear war, the people would obviously be relieved and grateful that he fulfilled his duty. If a soldier on the field accomplished the same task, he would be regarded as a true hero.Transcending ones traditional role and going above and beyond is a characteristic which helps to set heroes apart from other people. Sir Gawain goes above and beyond his role when declaring his intention to battle the Green Knight. I would come to your counsel before your administration noble. /For I find it not fit, as in faith it is known, /When such a boon is begged before all these knights, /Though you be tempted thereto, to take it on yourself (lines 347-350) King Arthur at this point had already accepted the challenge, yet Gawain decided to take his place because he was aware of the danger and risk involved in letting the King fight.He admits just a few lines later that I am the weakest, well I know, and of wit feeblest /And the loss of my life would be least of any (lines 354-355) This indication that is ability to fight is low makes his decision to fight that much more heroic, and this is all done in the name of Arthur. Beowulf, on the other hand, does not have an issue of inferior strength, but quite the opposite- he seems to posses a sort of superhuman strength. Even so, his level of self hindrance and wisdom prevents him from overthrowing Hrothgar despite his superior abilities.This amount of loyalty and service is a trait that helps develop his character even further as a hero. twain Gawain and Beowulf having been in similar instances serving a higher authority have shown heroic qualities although they may have differed. While the two main characters in news are being portrayed as heroes, they are still human and have fallibilities. It is the dynamic experience, the rise and fall of these characters which makes them real and human, that shows what they are truly do of.This insight may prove to be disappointing or disheartening for many, I find the revelation to be comforting as it reasserts that a hero isnt an idyllic state but a condition which can be humanly attained. Beowulfs rise and fall is demonstrated rather clearly throughout the emanation of the story. At his peak, he kills Grendel with his bare hands. In the second encounter with Grendels mother he is victorious, but requires the use of armor and the sword Hrunting. As time passes, he becomes king.He helps to slay the dragon that is terrorizing the land with the assistance of Wiglaf and his men, but at the cost of his life. This failure of his strength is foreshadowed earlier by Hrothgar, Choose dear Beowulf, the bump part, /eternal rewards. Dont give way to pride. /For a brief while your strength is in bloom/ but it fades quickly (lines 1759-1762). Beowulfs wisdom, which he relies on throughout the story even diminishes as he faces the dragon, as shown when he elects to strike first by himself with full knowledge that his strength is not as great as it used to be.Another interesting point is that while in the service is Hrothgar is heroic qualities shown through but when he became leader, he was still a hero but many of the qualities such as his wisdom and strength in this instance have decreased. Likewise to B eowulf, Gawain experiences a rise and fall. His circumstance is slightly different than Beowulfs however. Gawains worthiness to even be named a hero is often put into question, and his final deeds tend to overshadow the previous ones when that consideration is made.This is an unfair fantasy as no one would rescind Beowulfs status as a hero because of his pride blinding his judgment towards the end of his life, but would still consider him a hero because of his previous heroic actions. The same is true of Sir Gawain. Near the end of the story when he thinks he will die and funkes when the ax is climax down on his neck, hes viewed as a coward. Ill concede that it was a cowardly thing to do, but then Im forced to ask the rhetorical question, What would you do? Moments later, Gawain recomposes himself, doesnt flinch and gets nicked.Of course, one could argue that Gawain is a coward disguised as a hero because of his protest to the Green Knight claiming his debt is paid, and that he d ecided to use the green girdle. archetypal of all, Gawain spends the rest of his days lamenting his decision to use the girdle, so he isnt ignorant of what he as done. Secondly, there is absolutely nothing heroic astir(predicate) dying without a cause, which is what would have been the case had the Green Knight carried out his threat. I see no harm done in preparing oneself for an encounter such as the one he went through.We often laude heroes for their cunning in wisdom, so why should those same traits in Gawain be looked upon negatively? While there are many more facets to declaring someone a hero, these are a few that both Beowulf and Gawain share. Beowulf demonstrates that its namesake is a man who is supposed to be regarded as a hero. This same intent is not made in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, but when the two are compared with each other, Sir Gawain is shown to be a hero, not a simple coward that he may initially appear to be.

Risks and opportunities of Wal-Mart

Sam Walton a real king of XXth-century retail was able to turn a grim store in the center of a provincial town to the worlds largest retailer Wal-Mart. This man had stepped on a pedal of his blood line and neer let it go otherwise, he could be crushed by those behind him. The Wal-Marts success is grounded on the notion to save customers money, so they can brisk better.The economists unfavorable outlook at Wal-Mart Co in the beginning of FY 2007 seems to fade out by the latest data and reports, for this global retailer is focused on constant improving of sales and returns an 8.1 percent increase in the first quarter to $2.86 billion or 70 cents per share up from $2.65 billion, or 63 cents per share, in the yr ago period.Wal-Mart expects the on-going increase in net profit up to $0.99 $1.03 per share in the fourth quarter and $3.13 $3.17 in total. Sales of the fellowship rose 8.8 percent to $90.9 billion (according to the data from Floor Daily and Reuters).Risks of the last year, when the connection tried to sell more goods to middle- and high-income shoppers had been reemphasized by executive leadership therefore, this year brought more opportunities in low-price segment.At present, Wal-Mart Co made some steps forward in its American stores and attracted more consumers, who were pressed by growing prices on grocery and energy carriers, and by mortgage crisis. For the past few weeks, the retailer has lowered prices on the most popular toys and 15 thousand of other goods on the brink of the holiday shopping.The falling of dollar and rising oil prices posed a real threat to weaken international earnings however, the surprising share of Wal-Mart Stores Inc in the third quarter of FY 2007 has grown due to outlets overseas, tough expenses control and preliminary customer expectation model in American stores. While the American see to it seems rather clear, forWal-Mart originated from this country, the international situation was frightening. Europe and Asia are turning America down from the leading position in the world affairs, because of its diplomatic operations in Iraq, the growing total debt and unstable economy.Therefore, the outlets in Germany were forced out by domestic stores, outlets in South Korea were closed because of high argument and low securities industry share new social alternative in India is fighting against Coca-Cola and Wal-Mart. Nevertheless, along with grasping grocery store share in North and Latin America, Wal-Mart had fit the heathenish diversity in Asian segment. For example, in China consumers are allowed to choose live fish and seafood by themselves.As the worlds largest retailer, Wal-Mart Co can collapse the new technologies, fasten on the role of sponsor in the latest researches and developments, protect the environment and implement the energy- and money-saving equipment in its stores.When Sam Walton had faced regional discount competition and opened his first discount store, he laid the ba sis for further successful management strategy the wide range of goods, the lowest possible prices, the latest technologies, convenient stores and parking, and, as the result, consumers satisfaction. Today, the executive leadership of the corporation is aiming its efforts at successful managing of all departments sales, foodstuffing, human resources, research and development and administration.Step by step, Wal-Mart has filled all market niches, including discount stores, warehouses, grocery and toys stores, optical and pharmaceutical supermarkets, portrait studios. The outlets overseas were depending on the progress and technologies. The spread of democracy in post-communist countries had unveiled the potential of their consumers so, today, Wal-Mart Stores Inc. is heading to take the largest market share possible in this area.Technological progress with its changes in industry had forced Wal-Mart Co to implement such A preliminary research for the valuation of Wal-Mart Co develop ments as internet access, latest technologies and electronics, online stores in its marketing strategy, in order to proceed the leading positions in a highly competitive market.The impression trends in business spending lie in progress of environment protection. The sustainable goals of zero waste and reduce of energy at Wal-Mart stores call for primal changes. The company has already constructed experimental stores to test different ways to conserve water or electricity while also cutting waste (Maestri, N. Reuters, para.3).The company will also examine the health care issues, the key question that is raised in media make attempts to fit the highly diversified Asian market to include minorities and women reduce carbon footprint and track waste. Another business spending is found in sustainable development in China, from which Wal-Mart, either at once or indirectly source goods.Wal-Mart strategy, competencies, and managementMike Duke, the Vice Chairman of Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., in his Driving Business Value through Sustainability presentation has singled out five value drivers of business brand and reputation, cost reduction, access to talent, associate engagement, innovation (p.8).These drives cover all spheres and level possible, such as worldwide market share and recognition, customers and employees satisfaction. All reports put forward that the principle of each consumers satisfaction is the right and unchanging course in varying industry. Sam Walton, an expert, manager and retailer, is also a good teacher, for he could raise a successful team of leaders, who share the same priorities and want to reach the same goals.Recently, Wal-Mart Co had reemphasized the financial management systems and chose the solution SAP ERP Financials to keep up its growth and effective reaction at business changes. This teamwork had lead to top, among such competitors as Target, Costco, Kroger, Safeway, Best Buy, etc. Ellis Mnyandu, a Reuters reporter, has noted that Wal-M arts stock gained 6.1 percent to $45.97 after the worlds biggest retailer posted a stronger-than-expected quarterly profit and raised its outlook (para.17). Facts say louder than words Wal-Mart Co is worth to be called the largest seller in the U.S. and largest global retailer.ReferencesBianco, A. (2007). Wal-Marts Midlife Crisis. BusinessWeek. April 30. Online. November 28, 2007. Available http//www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/07_18/b4032001.htmDuke, M., Hartzfeld, J. (2007). Driving Business Value Through Sustainability. October, 10.Online. The Wal-Mart Live meliorate Sustainability Summit. November, 28, 2007.Available http//ceosustainabilitysummit.com/CEODocs/984797/InterfaceRAISEWal- MartSummitBreakout101007.pdfMaestri, N. (2007). Wal-Mart Outlines Environmental Efforts Progress. Reuters UK.November, 15. Online. November, 28, 2007. Availablehttp//uk.reuters.com/article/environmentNews /idUKN1530614420071115?sp=trueMnyandu, E. (2007). Market soars on tech, banks, Wal-Mart and oil. Reuters. Online. November, 28, 2007. Available http//www.reuters.com/article/businessNews/idUSL3057195020071113?sp=trueWal-Mart 1Q Earnings Up 8.1%. (2007). Floor Focus. May 15. Online. November, 28, 2007. Available http//www.floorfocus.com/articlesearchitem.aspx?article=10372Wal-Mart Selects SAP. (2007). SAP Global. October, 18. Online. November, 28, 2007.Available http//www.sap.com/solutions/business- entourage/erp/newsevents/press.epx?pressid=8440

Managing Diversity in the Workforce

Abstr work onHaving the need to live in a terra firma of diverse culture, line of descent companies deal with the adversity of dealing with the differences of the workforces in their organization. Is this a problem that cannot be solved? Recent studies show that this problem could actually be turned into a solution that the comp whatsoever could use towards its success. How? This is what is going to be discussed in the paper to follow. The possibilities of turning a diverse workforce into a integrated organization would be introduced in this research in an aim to prove that managing a diverse workforce is more of a challenging opportunity than that of an irreversible stock dilemma.OutlineIntroductionIntroduces the subject to be talked about in a historical basisWhat is diversity?Deals with the definition of diversity as a word to describe social differences and asa word that prints business activities.Getting along with DiversityA compilation of suggestion from business expert s that afford mastered the art ofmanaging diverse workforcesConclusionThe authors opinion on the topic being discussed based from the researches that hand over been posted in the paper.Managing Diversity in the WorkforceIntroductionHAVE you ever heard stories of a race of large number who had no mouth and thitherfore could neither eat nor make merry? They were verbalise to survive by smelling, mostly apples. A bad odor would kill them.There were also tales of a West African people who had florid to trade. A Portuguese ships captain of the time reported Two hundred leagues beyond the kingdom of Mali, one finds a country the inhabitants of which get hold of the heads and teeth of dogs and tails like dogs. These be the Blacks who refuse to enter into conversation because they do not wish to satisfy other men. Those were several(prenominal) of the strange ideas that were held more years ago, before the age of travel and discovery.Such stories were taken seriously for centuries . Nevertheless, as explorers charted the planet, they found no mouth less apple smellers, no dog-headed people. like a shot there re primary(prenominal)s little mystery about those who live beyond our borders. The humans has be herald a global village. Television brings foreign lands and peoples into our living rooms. melodic line travel makes it possible to visit those lands deep down hours millions of people do so each year. Others are on the move for economic or political reasons. States a report of the United Nations Population Fund On a scale unknown in historyand certain to growpeople around the world are uprooting themselves and migrating in search of a better behavior. About 100 million people live outside the country in which they were born.Increasingly there is economic interdependency among nations. A global communications network, like a gigantic central nervous system, links every(prenominal) nation of theearth. As ideas, information, and technology are exchange d, cultures merge and adapt to one another. Throughout the world, people dress more alike than ever before. Cities of the world share much in greennesspolice, luxury hotels, traffic, stores, banks, pollution. Thus, as the peoples of the world come together, we witness what some describe as an emerging world culture.Nevertheless, while peoples and cultures intermingle, clearly not all see one another as brothers. Everyones quick to blame the alien, wrote a Greek playwright over 2,000 years ago. Sadly, the same is true today. The evidence is no farther away than newspaper reports of bigotry, hatred of foreigners, ethnic cleansing, racial strife, religious riots, massacre of civilians, killing fields, rape camps, torture, or genocide.Of course, most of us can do little or nothing to change the course of ethnic conflicts. We may not even be directly affected by them. For many of us, however, problems come from a lack of communication with the foreigners with whom we come into contactne ighbors, workmates, or schoolmates.Does it not seem odd that people of differing ethnic groups so often find it awkward to trust and appreciate one another? subsequently all, ours is a planet of enormous diversity, endless variety. Most of us appreciate the rich variety of food, music, and deform as well as the many kinds of plants, birds, and animals. Somehow, appreciation of variety does not always carry over to people who do not think and act in the same way that we do. Instead of looking at the positive aspects of diversity among peoples, many tend to focus on the differences and make them a consign of contention.Certainly, living in a world that is governed with diversity, it could be expected that in the workplace, diversity itself is also set and thus cannot be avoided. Many workers refer to this hardship as the common source of many conflicts within the working area. Hence, the performance of the employees is then directly affected. Impossible as it may induct seemed, diversity within the workplace has still been referred to by many modern business enthusiasts such as John Riddle in his book Business Management. How could this be possible?Before knowing the preferred solution of experts towards the said problem, it is important to take notice of what is really meant by being diverse, and how does it really affect the good performance of the workforce.What is Diversity?Diversity, when referred to in business terms may mean a lot of things. An organizations workforce may be referred to as diverse for many reasons as well. Diversity may occur because of the differences of opinion because of the differences in personality, in age, in educational attainment, in status in life and even in culture. Mostly, as observed on contrastive business companies, the main reason of such diversity is the existence of a much unequivocal group of races making up a single workforce for a social club.How could all these happen? As mentioned in the introduction, man y people have already transferred from place to place and a lot of those people, the so-called immigrants, have already decided to stay and work on the foreign lands they have gone to. Hence, the main effect of this social move on achieving success on other places, the employment ofthe multicultural population has been the resort to supporting the lives of the said immigrants. Hence, the workforce of every company making up the business industries are at times having the same worries on how to face the challenge of dealing with and managing people who are wide different from each other.Getting along with DiversityAs mentioned earlier, management of a diverse workforce has been one of the biggest problems that concern the human resources department of any type of company present in the business industries. Hence, it is just reasonable to say that at some points, some management teams may find it a difficult task as well. However, the author, John riddle says otherwise.According to hi m, these are all factors of management that should be considered by good managers even before go in an organization (113). Hence, this definitely means that avoiding diversity in the workforce may be impossible but giving a resolution to it is not that impossible. After all, there is still a common ground among the working force of each company no matter how diverse they may be it is that they are humans, which makes them capable of being dealt with and managed well.In this regard, John Riddle has suggested several points of consideration when dealing with such business problems. In general terms, he summarized the ways by which a good manager could handle the difficulties of dealing with a diverse workforce.The said suggestions are as followsConcentrate on the strengths of the employees. When a manager discovers the tasks where the employees normally excel in, they should be assigned to them as they are expected to be more productive on those fields of the job.Understand the abili ties and the potential of each employee present in the organization. These potential assets of the employees could as well be used by the company itself in aiming for the goals that it has set up for the future.Allow communication lines t be open at all times. It is very important for managers to be good listeners. The ability of hearing what the employees want form the company as well as to how they could be of bigger help to the organization could be used as a resource of ideas for the company as well.Make the employees aspect that they too have a sense of authority in the company. However, this type of authority should not overstep that of the administrations. It should be clear that this authority could only be exercised at specific times and places when it is permitted. This may often refer to an open door policy that deals with an easier type of agreement between the employees, which could give them a chance to affect how the organization is being managed. They are then allow ed to give suggestions however, no suggestions are implemented unless approved by the administration.Make sure that all employees understand the business goals and objectives. It should always be remembered that a well-informed employee, whether young or old, is a productive employee.A manager should always remember that he is supervising people with feelings who are valuable members of the organization, hence, treating them with great respect at all times no matter what culture they come from is one of the most important right any manager could post as an example for his colleagues.Treating everyone fairly and sensitively is the key to creating a fine working environment. It should be remembered that because of the different clutters of the people, they all have different preferences they have different personal obligations and other more. Considering the fact that dealing with multicultural workforce also involve dealing with their differences of belief, a manager could as well c onsider fairness at all times to be able to set a common ground for everyone else in the organization.Keep everyone else ready and going all the time. Feeling ones worth is usually measured on the things they are able to do for the organization in a day. In this manner, it could be said that regardless of ones difference from the others, being able to do something for the company and being of worth to the organization makes an employee feel that even though there are differences, he still belongs to the organization he is working for.Keep employees informed of the ins and outs of the organization. Keeping employees in the dark when some changes within the organization arise may give them the notion that they are not given importance by the administration of the company.Acknowledge the employees efforts, years of work, talent, creative thinking and good job attributes. Doing so would help everyone else strive for the best while they are working in the company.It could be noticed tha t the suggestions listed in here are general. Putting thesesuggestions into good use have mostly caused several companies to achieve unity beyond diversity in their own much diverse workforces. Hence, as Jones commented in his book Contemporary Management, diversity is a normal part of modern management. Being globally distinct, it could not be avoided that dealing with different people everyday is a challenge to the modern managers today (180).ConclusionThe certainties of dealing with diverse people in the workforce are around 99 percent. Considering that we are living in a culturally diverse society, it could be argued that a diverse workforce is indeed a challenge to many business managers today. However, at first, this fact may seem a big problem, on the other hand, if the managers are able to see the common ground of everyone else, which is being human, the said managers would recognize the possibility of making diversity a source of further progress for the company. Mixing up the talents and the abilities of the employees for the goal of the organization would surely help the company reach its peak potential.BIBLIOGRAPHYRiddle, John. (2001). Business Management. Adams Media Corporation. Avon, Massachusetts.Adams, Bob. (2000). Managing people Lead your staff to peak performance. Adams Media Corporation. Avon, Massachusetts.Hiam, Alexander. (2001). Motivating and rewarding Employees New and better ways to inspire your people. Adams Media Corporation. Avon, Massachusetts.Martinez, Esdras. (1998). Buisness Managements theories and practice. Rex books Publishing. Manila, Philippines.Jones, Gareth R. (2004). Contemporary Management. Irwin/McGraw-Hill fourth edition.

Challenges and Prospects of Gender Budgeting in India Essay

Gender budgeting promises to heighten on the role of rights, freedoms and the choices of women by giving information of content and focus of government policies. Today gender sensitive budgetary allocation might only constitute 5% of the total budget, yet the stand as a significant attempt at addressing gender inequality. However, gender budgeting exercise needs to be on guard against certain challenges facing it. Firstly, International Financial Institutions that stipulated to initiate economic reform policies in India like IMF, WTO can offset gender budget benefits. Lowering of import duties under WTO has resulted in a reduction of governments revenue which in turn translated into lowering uptake on social sector especially on women.Secondly, the introduction of VAT has the impact of affecting the peoples pass rather than their income and thus tends to hit the poor more. Since feminization of poverty is an established fact VAT can be more harmful to the interest of the women.Th irdly, the focus on reducing the fiscal deficit should not imply a cut on the gender equality and women empowerment schemes. Public-private partnership in enhancing expenditure on social sector needs to be encouraged.Lastly, the scope of Gender Budgeting needs to be enlarged so as to cover what hitherto convey been gender neutral departments or ministries. Enhanced allocation for women specific programmes needs to be supplemented by an overall evaluation of budgetary policies from gender perspective.

Analysis of Kony 2012 Campaign

Campaign Kony 2012 http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=Y4MnpzG5Sqc Short versions http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=j36n8Kn_lUY http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=VWd0veKp1R0&hd=1 (this may be a stronger version) 1. Why we are choosing this one This was a very successful campaign. Most of our group had perceive about the Kony campaign and have shared with more than one friend thus it was a successful viral marketing campaign. The statistics show that 112 million large number viewed this video in one week. 2. The Message Targeted towards mountain who are obliged humanitarian causes.Help create awareness of the campaign, which is to imprison Kony by December 2012 with the help of incite from foreign and Ugandan governments. To do this, they were selling products and promoting a Cover the Night day in which individuals who wear/post/display their products. The video tells you to serve these purchases in order to help fight Kony, there are links to the website from the video and so the pu rpose of the campaign was very clear and relevant. The Messenger is Jason Russell who is the co-founder of Invisible Children.The movie theatres purpose is to promote the charitys Stop Kony movement to make Ugandan cult and militia leader Joseph Kony known to the international populace in order to have him arrested by December 2012. Joseph Kony is already an indicted war criminal in the International Criminal Court. Environment decent time and right place. People are interested in this type of cause and it is popular to be a humanitarian right now. It was spread through YouTube, Facebook and Twitter. People heart good sharing this type of information it makes the Sender feel as though they are helping a good ause and so they feel good. The turn up It was a triumph in that it has been viewed by more than 92 million people on YouTube and 20 million more on Vimeo, so considerably over 112 million people by the end of the first week. This is the same amount of people who watched the Super Bowl. (Visible Measures) After ten days, 52% of adults in the US had heard of the video. (PEW research center) More people viewed the video in such a short amount of time than any other video on the internet (to date). Kony 2012 facts and figures http//static. guim. co. k/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2012/4/20/1334929057518/Kony-2012-in-facts-and-fi-009. jpg Invisible Children wont yet say how much money it made from Kony 2012, exactly by conservative estimates, it has likely tripled its $13. 7 million 2011 r sluiceue and its possible that the actual number is much, much higher. (http//www. businessweek. com/articles/2012-08-30/kony-2012-guerrilla-marketing) Add details regarding how it was spread Celebrities have helped spread the message (Justin Bieber, Kim Kardashian, Rihanna, Oprah Winfrey) Why did it work?The film discusses the desire to share, to be part of something, to inform others. Within the first two minutes, has drawn people in and makes them curious as to what is next. It was a very good quality video both in resolution and the way it was directed. The director of the film, Jason Russell, is very personable. He is using people emotions to make them feel part of the problem. He even involves his own child in the film to make everyone feel that they are connected to this problem. People really inadequacy to feel like they are helping a good cause. It was also really the right moment.The film uses everything that is popular right now to keep peoples attention instagram photos, facebook timeline. People, especially young people and hipsters, really want to help. The products were not very expensive but enabled the viewer to feel as though they were part of the video and creating history. The video emphasizes being part of, and making, history. Purchasing the products allowed for those who wanted to participate in Cover the Night to be part of the in group. Additionally, celebrated and important people became involved and vouched f or it.Many politicians and even celebrities became involved. What could have been improved? After the video there were allegations that the project was a scam. The Ugandan people were claiming that Kony was not even in Uganda and so contributing to this campaign will not help us. Also there was a rumor that the US wanted to have a reason to come into Uganda for oil. So they could have been their intentions more clear and probably clarified that even if Kony is currently not residing in Uganda, he still moldiness be found and arrested.

Boost Juice in Germany

In global Human imagerys Assessment 2 assort Presentation Boost Juice Expatriate Program Challenges in Germany March 23, 2010 Authors SindooraNiranjan, 110024230 Maggie Sinclair, 110058024 Kai Zhi Lee, 100111728 Ke Yu, 100070856 Harnie Kumaraguru, 110026969 Word count 1105 (excluding out-of-door referencing) Introduction The concept of Boost brand was created in 1998 when the founder, Janine Allis, realized the fashion of the juice bar when on holidays in the United States. She researched the growing demand and found a huge market opportunity for a healthy fast food alternative in Australia.The first boost juice bar was organize in 2000 located in Adelaide (Boost Juice 2011). The company has expanded outside(a)ly with 200 stores in Asia, Europe, and the pump East through the way of Franchising. This report testament analyse and discuss various potential pitying resource issues when considering the deployment of an Expatriate to Germany to contribute expansion. In particula r, the issues faced by the organization within the five benas of enlisting and selection, grooming and development, deal-culture, performance focus, and recompense. 1. 1 Expatriate Recruitment & SelectionInvolvement of the ostracizes partner in any pre-assignment, on-assignment and post-assignment training and support, particularly in language and cultural training (Salas et al. 2006 Shen 2005 Morgan et al. 2004 Scholes 2003 Mendenhall & Stahi 2000, Yavas & Bodur 1999) is essential. A teammates attitude and predisposition can influence the leadingness of a dual-c atomic number 18er deliver to accept multinational assignments. Expatriates are less likely to agree to relocate and/or experience higher failure rates if experiencing these family stresses. (Harvey 1997 Andreason 2008).In order to prevent expatriate failure, Boost must select candidate with high emotional information (EI) and reputation characteristics of openness and sociability (Jassawalla, Truglia & Garvey 2 004 Caligiuri 2000, Yavas & Bodur 1999). Conducting behavioural interviews will be deemed suitable to determine the EI of candidate (Goleman 2004, Truglia & Garvey 2004). 1. 2 Recruitment and Selection in Germany A zero(pre zero(pre no.inal)inal)er challenge Boost Australia will invite in selecting the right wing expatriate is choosing a candidate that will have the ability to adjust existing recruitment and selection processes to German Culture.Boost shall recruit older, preferably female employees (Thevenon & Horko 2009) or foreign migrants (Royle 1999) instead of usual little and energetic employees (Datamonitor 2008) as German youngsters under age 21 are rarely involved in unskilled employment due to its structured regulation and training culture (Roberts, Clark & Wallace 1994). KSAs (knowledge, skills & ability) but not psychometric tests shall be used in selection process because German whitethorn perceive latter as violation of privacy and inaccurate performance predictor (Steiner & Gilliland 1996 Papalexandris & Panayotopoulou 2004). . 1 Training and Development Training and ontogeny expatriates in areas of language skills, cross-cultural training, company policies and general skills related to the host country, before sending them afield for their placements, would prove to be greatly beneficial for some(prenominal) the expatriates and the organization (McCaughey & Bruning 2005 Mayrhofer & Scullion 2002 Global Relocation Services 2004).It will support cross-cultural fitting by increasing the awareness of the norms and behaviours appropriate to the host country and submit the skills for the expatriate to operate more effectively in the unfamiliar host culture (Caliguri 2002 McCaughey & Bruning 2005). As well, support the challenge of coping with differences in lifestyle and language barriers while living and working in Germany (Sims & Schraeder 2004 Welch 2003).Additionally, providing them economical international performance appraisals can in duce positive behaviour increasing the growth of productivity in an organization through staff satisfaction and allow it an added competitive advantage in the global stock environment (McCaughey & Bruning 2005 Caliguri 2002). On an international scale the organization should have knowledge of the German culture, ? nd streamlined partners to aid in customizing a common training effort to speci? c regional and participant differences, and cover globally consistent in terms of course content and criteria for evaluation (Chang 2009).Programme designers should modify talk to accommodate cultural differences and consider trainees level of acceptance, conduct a thorough training-needs and audience analysis, and include members from Germany on the design team (Chang 2009 Shen & Brant 2009 Jassawalla, Traglia & Garvey 2004). 3. 1 Cross-Culture issues Attention must be given to the communication styles for Australian expatriates when they are sent to Germany. German employees tend to be s tiff and deficient in sense of wit in cable situation (McDonald 2000).The more serious a situation, the more seriousness is necessitated. Also, Teamwork in Germany is regarded as a group of individuals working for a specific attracter towards a recognizable goal (Dunkel & Meierewert 2004 Murakami, T 2000). Every employee has a well-defined role and to cross line would arouse confusion. Another important superlative of emphasis is on the business structure. Most of the power in German companies is the charge of few fourth-year managers. The solicitude board is the last(a) decision-maker on policy matters which affect management.Under board level, companies tend to have a strictly hierarchical approach within which individuals specific role and responsibilities are tightly defined and allocated. When Australian expatriates deal with the issues of German employees, the cross-culture variation should be treated seriously (Templer 2010). slight humour used in the business circums tances could be beneficial for solving issues. Furthermore, for teamwork projects, German employees should be encouraged to set more clearly objectives in order to achieve the best esult. Lastly, incentive policies should be made so that employees can take active measures to serve for Boost Juice in the hierarchy structure. 4. 1 Performance centering Performance Management System (PMS) is a strategic HRM process that enables the MNC to evaluate and continuously improve individual, subsidiary unit and corporate performance against clearly defined, pre-set objectives that are directly coupled to international strategy (Halachmi 2005) (Agunis 2009).Hence Performance management is considered as one of the critical function of HRM as it helps in appraising individuals performance. However, there are certain issues that a company may face when internationalising its operations (Shay and Baack 2004). In case of Boost Company, challenges faced during implementation of PMS can be divided into two categories 1) Issues faced during implementing PMS designme for its expatriates such as * Who conducts Performance Management for the expatriate (Shih, Chiang & Kim 2005). Providing timely and regular feedback (Shih, Chiang & Kim 2005). * Issues relating performance criteria (Shih, Chiang & Kim 2005). 2) Issues faced when implementing PMS in its HCN (Germany) * Cultural adaptability (Waal & Counet 2008) (Ferner et al 2001). Analysing the issues faced by Boost, it can be said that International Performance Management system are affected by various host contextual and firm specific factors such as the political, economic, international strategy, stage of internationalisation etc (Shen 2004).Therefore MNCs when expanding their operations beyond borders should consider such factors to formulate and implement effective international performance management policies and practices. 5. 1 Compensation Compensation is a powerful tool that can gain an organizations strategic goals and at the same time has a large concussion on employees attitudes and behaviours. (Festing et al, Dec 2006). It is imperative to two the companys bottom line and the individuals involved that it is perceived to be done fairly and clearly communicated (Sims & Schraeder, 2005).Boost must determine the right compensation approach that will meet the needs of its financial goals as well as be an incentive to attract and view as best incumbents (Wentland, 2003 Sims & Schraeder 2004 Zingheim & Schuster, 2001 Dwyer, 1999) It must be * competitive * consistent * cost-effective The Balance sheet approach was selected as best suited for this expatriate program. Knowledge and skill set required are equal to put forward company, so it was viewed as most fair and equitable approach to maintain the purchasing power of both their team in Australia and those on international assignments. Sims, Schraeder 2005) It is the best approach to be perceived equally by the expatriate to be adequate and m eet their needs of competitiveness and consistent for their expected behaviours. (Suutari,V, & Tornikoski, C 2001) The final confirmation to ensure Compensation is aligned appropriately, reducing potential early expatriate failure is that both parties have a clear understanding to what is in and what is out of the package and perception of adequate compensation is equal. ConclusionInternational Human Resources has progressed rapidly and is penetrating at institutional, national and international levels. Simultaneously multi-national and international companies today are faced with the complexity of cross-cultural issue due to globalization (Pranee 2010). In abridgment this report clearly demonstrates the importance of human resource management (HRM) to be included at the heading of any consideration to enter the global arena. Underestimating these key areas reviewed as well as other HR practices will cause concern and risk increased potential failure of any expatriate program. pro pagation List Aguinis, H 2009, Performance Management, Pearson Education, New Jersey. Andreason, AW 2008, Expatriate adjustment of spouses and expatriate managers an integrative research review, International ledger of Management, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 382-395. Boost Juice 2011, franchise info, viewed at 20th February 2011, http//www. boostjuicebars. com Caliguri, P 2002, Global competence What is it, and can it be developed through global assignments? , Human Resources Planning, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 27 35.Caligiuri, PM 2000, Selecting expatriates for personality characteristics a moderating effect of personality on the relationship between host national pass and cross-cultural adjustment, Management International Review, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 61-80. Chang, WW 2009, Cross-culturaladjustment in the multinationaltrainingprogram, Human Resource Development International, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 561 569. Counet, H, Waal, A, A 2008, Lessons learned from performance management systems implem entations, International ledger of Productivity and Performance Management, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 367-390.Datamonitor 2008, Boost Juice bar case study Marketing sweet talker bars as a healthy alternative to coffee shops, Datamonitor, pp. 1-12. Dunkel, A & Meierewert, S 2004, Culture Standards and their impact on teamwork An empirical analysis of Austrian, German, Hungarian and Spanish culture differences, ledger for East European Management Studies, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 147-174. Ferner, Anthony,Quintanilla, Javier, Varul & Matthias Z 2001, Country-of-Origin Effects, Host-Country Effects, and the Management of HR in Multinationals German Companies in Britain and Spain, Journal of World line of products, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 1-107. Global Relocation Services 2004, Global relocation Trends 2003/2004 Survey Report, viewed 18th February 2011, . Goleman, D 2004, What makes a leader? Harvard Business Review, vol. 82, no. 1, p. 82-91. Halachmi, A 2005, Performance measurement is only one way of managing performance management, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 502-516. Harvey, M 1997, Dual-career expatriates expectations, adjustment and satisfaction with international relocation, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 627-658. Jassawalla, A, Truglia, C & Garvey, J 2004, Cross-cultural conflict and expatriate manager adjustment an exploratory study, Management Decision, vol. 42, no. 7/8, pp. 837-849. Mayrhoefer, W& Scullion, H 2002, Female expatriates in international business empirical evidence from the German clothing industry, International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 815 836. McCaughey, D &Bruning, NS 2005, Enhancing opportunities for expatriate job satisfaction HR strategies for foreign assignment success, Human Resource Planning, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 21 29. McDonald, G 2000, Cross-cultural methodological issues in ethical research, Journal of Business Ethics , vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 89-104. Mendenhall, ME & Stahi, GK 2000, Expatriate training and development where do we go from here? Human Resource Management, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 251-265. Morgan, L, Jie, W & Young, ST 2004, Operational factors as determinants of expatriate and repatriate success, International Journal of Operation & Production, vol. 24, no. 11/12, pp. 1247-1261.Murakami, T 2000, Trade Union Strategy and Teamwork The British and German Car Industry, Labor Studies Journal, vol. 24, pp. 35-52 Paplexandris, N & Panayotopoulou, L 2004, Exploring the mutual interaction of societal culture and human resource management practices evidence from 19 countries, Employee Relations, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 495-509. Roberts, K, Clark, SC & Wallace, C 1994, Flexibility and individualism a comparison of transitions into employment in England and Germany, Sociology, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 31-54.Royle, T 1999, Recruiting the acquiescent workforce a comparative analysis of McDonalds in Germany and the UK, Employee Relations, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 540-555. Salas, LN, Hess, KP, Paley, M & Riedel, S 2006, Expatriate preparation a critical analysis of 25 years of cross-cultural training research, Human Resource Development Review, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 355-388. Scholes, S 2003, The expatriate manager in South Korea cross cultural communication, viewed 2 February 2011, http//www. international-business-careers. com/international_career_expatriate_resources_2. html. Shay, JP & Baack, SA 2004, Expatriate assignment, adjustment and effectiveness An empirical examination of the big picture, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 216-232. Shen, J 2005, Towards a generic international human resource management (IHRM) model, Journal of Organisational Transformation and Social Change, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 83-102. Shen, J & Brant, L 2009, Cross-cultural training on expatriate performance in Australian MNEs, Human Resource Development International, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 371 386.

Business Case Study – Cctv

Case Study extremum CCTV ( every(prenominal) details discussed in this scale translate rush been taken from the fundamental CCTV case study as presented in Cases of entrepreneurship the venture creation routine (Morse & Mitchell, 2005)) Student Name Katrina Bi nontoStudent Number S3172726 Course BUSM 2367 Business Enterprise One 1. If you were Jack disunite, what would you do pay back Derwent Systems, based in Newcastle, UK, to extend its reach into Europe, or focus on the IPO?When assessing if Jack divide should acquire Derwent Systems or focus on IPO it is would be high hat suggested to undertake a appraise of the attractiveness and competitive position of the proposed acquisition. One method of doing this is through the drug abuse of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix. This matrix assesses the competitive position of the business in its current form, and the aspects of the proposed businesses, against their respective grocery store attractiveness. (Robbins, e t al. 2009) The BCG considered businesses in terms of a Cash Cow, Star, Problem Child or Dog.The case study tells us that extreme point CCTV is a exploitation comp whatsoever with specialized ingatherings that produce positive cash return for the business, which makes it a Cash Cow. Derwent, although they had difficulties with cash flow at the current meter, mother a specific product base and set out a accepted brand name, which sits this business in the Problem Child bea of the Matrix. In order to develop a business which could become a star, Derwent would be equal to return the brand and provide recognition, and entire is satisfactory to provide the business the necessary cash flow to achieve a possible Star business. and and so I believe that Jack Gin should invest into Derwent Systems as it will allow the acquisition of a recognized product with the ability to sustain positive cash flows assisting in long term sustainability of the business. 2. short outline the r un a risks associated with your recommendation and how the company could manage these risks. There are risks associated both with acquisition and passing the prospect Not Acquiring Derwent Will lose irritate to a amply quality high perform product May risk market saturation Ability to provide competitive pricing construction for current product range should competitors produce the same products Acquisition Risks Cash flow does uttermost(a) have enough cash flow to support Derwent requirements in the short term Change management issues in merging businesses and associated cater cultural issues If competitors are already engaging in the market Extreme is exhausting to break into do they have a market dominance Geographical issues managing businesses on two sides of the musket ball Globalisation and workforce diversity issues 3. List the benefits, and why you believe they outweigh the risks Increased market character Ability to offer the market more products Acquiring the legal will of Derwent customers The additional Intellectual spot from Derwent question and ontogeny Additional staff and their knowledge and experiences Ability to proposed more competitive pricing expressions as inputs whitethorn be cheaper as business will have great turn over and olibanum may be equal to purchase components in bulk Economies of scale not only for veridical inputs plainly labour inputs Increased borrowing power with the merger of two businesses increased assets. 4. Analyse Extreme CCTVs competitive landscape usingPorters quintet Forces Porters Five Forces consist of the following Supplier Power oThis component could be considered as high as with a larger volume of component turnover Derwent could access better trading terms and stronger relationships with suppliers. This would result in more reliable and competitive supply of components and with good relationship management, such as ensuring on time invoice payment, Derwent may be able to become a pr eferred creditor. Consumer Power oQuality would be at the forefront of the consumers requirements and then this component would be considered in truth high.Without reliable quality products Derwent would allow competitors access to their market, reducing their cash flows and product gross sales. Substitutes oThere are very few substitutes to CCTV. Any alternative products do not provide the same level of quality or access to the same features provided by Extreme (and Derwent) products, thus this detailor is considered low. New Entrants oThe possibility of new entrants into the market is low due to the fact that a phone number of businesses are already procedureicipating in the market, and any new entrants would want a large capital, for research and development and product development. Rivalry oIt is possible that Pelco may merge with other competitors, such as motionless find, and their new competitive power would be unknown at this time. Therefore this would be considered a long suit risk as neither the new market nor the strategic direction of any competitors is known. 5. Analyse the hazard using the First Screening Guide INDUSTRY ANALYSIS What is the industry that addresses this market? oCCTV equipment Number of competitors ?Pelco ? mute Witness Relative size of competitors oNo one competitors having a studyity share in the market, which was highly fragmented. Pelco in Extreme CCTVs market space, from Southern California oSilent Witness Canadian public company, worldwide networks with good emersions since 1995. MARKET ANALYSIS Is there a need? oIndustry had decided that CCTV use is a vital part of their overall security strategy and have experienced significant benefits oThese benefits in specialized markets, such as government agencies and correctional facilities are not being taken up by the more conclude business and consumer market. Customers? oThere is clear pick up for this product in government agencies, correctional facilities, and casinos proven by sales to date. More generalized usage of CCTV over time due to perceived and perhaps real simplification of crime that has been experienced where CCTV is in use. What value do you add? oThe value added service be provided would be ?Integrated Day Night Cameras superb performance ?Product Differentiation a perceived straightforward edge by major distributors Product Life oThe product life expected from this service would be durable, as once the set up was established and trust built with customer they would be very unlikely to try a competitors product.The security provided and reputation created by Extreme would look on more at stake for the consumer and unless motivated by other means, such as additional service or major discounting, they would be reluctant to try another service. What is the current market structure? oThe major competitors in this industry are ?Pelco, and ?Silent Witness. oFollowing are features of services already provided ?Pelco provides similar products to Extreme, but at this time does not have the market reputation nor or they able provide a holistic product range as they are not able to provide an integrated camera. Silent Witness have a product range that is able to operation in varied operating conditions, but also do not currently provide a product that allows the quality of night muckle recording. What is the proposed market size? oThe industry currently serves the following markets ?Families, ?Singles, and ?Couples of any age group. What is the markets outgrowth potential? oThe potential market available for this service is substantial, although it may be difficult to accurately predict. ?Gin feels that although the market is expanding he is unsure how far it will grow and what may drive this growth. Key drivers for the growth would be the increasing acceptance of CCTV usage and the merge of technologies to strengthen the security features of the products. What would be the proposed toll structure? oExt remes proposed product offering would be to provide Derwent products under the Derwent branding, but integrate the results of their research and development which had lead to the development of the even illuminator (UF500) with Extremes day/night camera. This would provide a uncomparable product to the market. determine for this unique product could be set above the standard products and the pricing structure may allow scope to support ongoing research and development investments with a set set of the profit against these products dedicated to this purpose. Advertising this to the customer may encourage their increased investment in the products Extreme would provide in general. THE NUMBERS Profits after tax? oCurrently Derwent profits after tax have been reducing, from $292,570 in 1998 to $159,111 in 2000. oExtreme has been experiencing good financial growth since its primary year of trading in 1997. It could be considered that after Derwent acquisition that profits after tax w ould still be positive and in fact do have a chance of growth if the market response to the integrated product is strong. era to break even? oIt Gin purchased Derwent for $2. 6 million is would take approximately 4 years for Extreme to break even against this purchase. This is assuming that their annual profits are approximately $692,000 remains constant and that all other factors such as pay scale and in direct costs remain constant. condemnation to positive cash? Positive cash flow would take some time longer than the estimated 4 years for break even. oWith the development of the desired product and ensuring its marketing and strategic placement would manage it would be possible to achieve positive cash flow very soon after breaking even. ROI say-so? oThe return on investment potential is able to be seen in this business idea, but the level of ROI achievable is not able to be determined at this time as market demand is unreliable at this time. Capital Requirements? oExtreme wou ld require capital investment, through financing, to acquire Derwent. The asset base of Derwent, quoted in 2000 as being $2,353,113 in their financial statements, would provide a significant base for sourcing this finance. When considered as a whole business, i. e. Derwent and Extreme, there would be adequate assets to secure finance to complete the acquisition. The consideration needed by Gin would be the businesses ability to service this size of loan as part of normal operations. fall Mechanism? oPossible exist strategy would be to sell off the Derwent part of the company should Gin be unable to operate this part of the business. oShould t require a more significant exit from the market then Extreme could sell components and intellectual property to competitors. Value? oStrategic value of the business would be high when established. It would have a solid loyal client base, established branding and market reputation. It would be able to achieve market differentiation needed to pr ovide some assurance of long term sustainability in the market. CAN YOU AFFORD TO PLAY? Production cost? oProduction costs would differ between operating locations, i. e. Derwent and Extreme factories, as input costs may differ due to the differing localities, i. . Northern America and UK. oEconomies of scale could be achieved in bulk purchase of inputs however the logistical issues associated with movement of stock between geographic locations may actually increase costs should this strategy be employed. This would have to be carefully considered. Marketing Costs? oAs the market in North America currently does not appreciate the Derwent product it would be censorious to demonstrate through marketing the benefits that there products, and Extremes on trying to enter the market, would have for them. Encouraging distributors and consumers to try the product would be critical in being able to break into the market. distribution Costs? oDistribution costs needed to be considered would be movement of input components, where are the distributors and their clients, and would there be a head office hierarchy set up or would the two arms of the Extreme business, i. e. Derwent and Extreme, be seen as equals in the company structure and thus have equal responsibilities and distribution strategies would be determined by each location instead of a one size fits all approach. Prices? Pricing structure would need to be competitive with other competitors where product services and capacity is similar, where there are distinct difference between what the competitor can offer and what the new Extreme business could provide the market then the ability to charge inflated prices, limited to the value perceived by the consumer, would be would become available. These potential increase profit margins on specific products could be used either as investment into research and development or to minimise the cost of borrowing.It would be dependent on any marketing strategy that would be linked with the pricing structure. Costs? oBulk buying where possible would represent the best way to minimize costs for this business and achieve any economies of scale. Distribution Channels? oIt would be seen that be distribution channels to be used to promote and sell the products. As the attractiveness of the product became greater then new distribution channels would open. oAn alternative distribution would be to use the companies own resources.The staff would have the background knowledge on the development of the products and the strategic missions and values of the business and would be able to communicate these as part of their marketing strategy. Barriers to Entry? oEntry into this market at this time is favorable as there are not many competitors and Extreme already holds product differentiation with its current product range. oThe ability to merge research and development from the two businesses would provide a great opportunity to emergent markets globally. Legal/Co ntractual/Intellectual Property. There are definite intellectual property issues with this merger and then management of research and development results through this business and the proposed merger. oLegal contracts and possible supply and logistic contracts would need to be facilitated to provide opportunity for efficiencies. Contacts and Networks? oContracts and networks already in place for both businesses would be used in the first instance, and then with increase attractiveness of produce new networks and contacts would be developed. It is also evident within the case study that participation at trade shows would provide key opportunities to expand current networks.THE MANAGEMENT team up The Extreme structure would remain in its current form. With the proposed retirement of Duffy, Gin would need to find an usurp management team to continue operations of the Derwent arm of the business. FATAL FLAW/RISK Existence of a Fatal Flaw oThere are possible fatal flaws in this proposa l ?Cost of borrowing inevitable capital to acquire Derwent. ?Ability to establish a suitable management team to continue Derwent operations. ?The need to establish two geographical locations for operations the logistical issues that this may create. Staff culture issues and how Derwent staff would be received and integrate with Extreme employees. Risk? oThere is a risk in this proposal in that the cost of capital required to start up the business may be prohibitive to entering the market, although the use of a merger with a business that has established distribution channels and market would reduce this risk overall. BIBLIOGRAPHY Morse, Eric A, and Ronald K Mitchell. Cases in entrepreneurship the venture creation process. Thousand Oaks SAGE Publications, 2005. Robbins, S, R Bergman, I Stagg, and M Coulter. Management. fifth . Pearson Australia, 2009.

Parents Influenced on Their Children

sourd of pargonnts to their churlren Parental Influences on record A comparison of Trait and Phenomenological Theories Stu Dent SS 123-45-6789 Psych 210 Theories of Personality Dr. Cerv ane Fall, 2001 Parental Influences on Personality A Comparison of Trait and Phenomenological Theories A seemingly obvious fact about human nature is that our temper is regulated by our parents. Intuitively, it seems as if the path our parents raise us asserts an enduring twist on the nature of our character.By teaching trusted types of behavior and by punishing actions of which they disapprove, parents may significantly influence the behavioral and emotional styles of their tykeren. This intuition, however, contrasts with a sec one. Common knowledge tells us that siblings often differ greatly from one an separate. One brother may be outgoing, the other shy. One sister may be conservative, the other liberal. Since siblings have the same parents, and parents execute to treat their childr en similarly, such examples seem to suggest that parents style of child rearing competency make petty(a) difference to the personality of their children.The gesture of parental influences on personality, then, is an interesting puzzle for scientific supposition and investigate in personality psychology. Theories of personality have taken different viewpoints on the question of parental influences on personality. This make-up addresses two theories that present contrasting views. These are the sign and phenomenological theories of personality. In the peculiarity theories, the basic variables of the theory are nations traits, that is, their broad predispositions . . . to respond in particular ways (Pervin & John, 2001, p. 26). Most trait theories try to discern a common set of traits that can be used to describe the personality of any individual. These nomothetic trait theories rely on the statistical procedure of factor analysis to severalise dimensions that can be used su mmarize individual differences in personality traits. Researchers using this technique ordinarily identify a set of five trait dimensions. These Big Five personality traits include extroversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and receptiveness to experience (Pervin & John, 2001).Once one identifies a set of basic traits in this manner, a primary question is to identify where the traits come from. Why do some bulk have more or less of a given trait than others? Al most(prenominal) all trait theorists have sought biological explanations for variations in traits. hoi polloi are seen to inherit a given level of a trait in the same way that they might inherit hair color or height. This viewpoint is consistent with findings on genetics and personality, which augur that identical twins personalities are far more similar than would be expected by bump (Pervin & John, 2001).The trait theories, then, have an interesting implication for the question of parental influences on personality. If personality is defined in terms of personality traits, and if traits are thought to be inherited, then parental styles of child rearing would see to have teeny influence on childrens personality. The only influence parents would have on their childrens personality is a biological one. They pass their genes on to their children. According to the trait theories, parents interpersonal moveions with their children would exert little effect on the childs personality development.A very different view is vomit up forward by proponents of phenomenological theories of personality. The primary focus of the phenomenological theories is the individuals subjective experience of their world, that is, their phenomenological experience (Pervin & John, 2001). In particular, masss subjective experience of themselves, or their ego-concept, is seen as the core of individuals personalities. Among the most prominent of the phenomenological theories of personality is the ego th eory of Carl Rogers (Pervin & John, 2001).Rogers contended that pecks psychological experiences are not determined by objective events in the world, but by their subjective interpretations of these events. These interpretations, in turn, are heavily influenced by a persons self concept. Specifically, people may experience psychological distress when they cannot integrate their daily experiences with their sense of who they in truth are, as might be manifested by a persons saying that I reasonable havent been acting like myself lately. Alternatively, a person might feel guilty or depressed if their ctions do not meet their ideal self, that is, the persons subjective sense of what they ideally should be like in such circumstances, a person might report that Im disappointed with myself. Peoples self-views, then, are a primary determinant of their general experiences. With regard to the question of parental influences, Rogers phenomenological theory has a very different implicati on than that deriving from trait theory. According to Rogers, self concept, like other aspects of phenomenological experience, is not inherited but instead develops gradually as people interact with the world and the other people around them.Rogers suggests that people develop a incontrovertible self-concept if they experience despotic positive regard, that is, if people consistently respect and accept them for who they really are. People who experience unconditional positive regard, then, should have a positive view of self that enables them to approach daily activities in an open-minded, psychologically pliant and authorized manner. In contrast, less positive personality development occurs if people experience conditions of worth, that is, if other people establish criteria, or conditions, for what is valued behavior.Such individuals may experience a more negative view of self that leads them to approach life activities in a more cautious, tentative, self-critical, and unconf ident style. Since parents are generally the major source of influence in the early years of child development, the extent to which parents display unconditional positive regard to their children, as opposed to imposing conditions of worth, should influence long-term personality development. A primary question, then, is how one might be able to test these theories one against the other.Since personality theorists are attempting to development conceptions of human nature that can be evaluated by objective empirical evidence, it should be possible to marshal scientific evidence that bears on the telling merits of the two theories. For the question of parental influences on personality, one key source of evidence would be longitudinal studies, that is, studies that examine the same individuals across a long period of time. Ideally, such work would notice aspects of child rearing early in life and determine whether they predict personality characteristics as measured subsequently in life.Such a study has been conducted by Harrington, Block, & Block (1987). They studied a large group of people at two points in time early childhood and adolescence. During early childhood, the researchers obtained measures of the degree to which each childs parents exhibited a Rogerian style of child rearing, that is, a style in which few conditions of worth were oblige on children and, instead, children were accepted for who they are and were allowed to explore the world freely. There were two such measures.One was a self-report of parents child-rearing styles, and the other was an observational measure in which researchers observed parents interacting with their children and coded whether the parents acted in a prototypic Rogerian manner. They two measures were combined into an overall index of Rogerian child rearing. In adolescence, the researchers obtained a measure of creativity. Teachers were asked to rate the degree to which the research participants, who were their studen ts, approached tasks in an open-minded, creative manner.Since the researchers had measures on the same individuals at two points in time, they were able to determine the degree to which the childhood measure of parenting style predicted the adolescent measure of creativity. The finding strongly supported Rogers theory of personality development (Harrington et al. , 1987). and as Rogers would have predicted, children whose parents set them in a Rogerian style turned out to be adolescents who were judged as being more creative. Child rearing style was a statistically significant predictor of creativity.Importantly, this was rightful(a) even when the researchers controlled for a measure of intelligence that also was obtained during childhood. It is not merely the case that intelligent children were treated in a Rogerian style and also were creative. Instead, even controlling for intelligence, parental child rearing predicted creativity. In evaluating the two theories, the results cl early support Rogers phenomenological perspective, as noted above. Childrens experiences of alternative parenting styles seem to have influenced a significant aspect of their personality and to have done to in exactly the manner Rogers would have anticipated.In contrast, the results involvement with the trait theory position that personality characteristics are largely inherited and that aspects of the environment that are shared by multiple siblings, such as parental child rearing style, exert little influence on personality characteristics later in life. Since the work of Harrington et al. (1987) was conducted a number of years ago, one might ask how trait theorists, in light of these results, could maintain their view that parental styles of child rearing exert little influence on personality. The results would seem to provide objective evidence against their theories.One possibility is that trait theories are focusing only on specific, narrow aspects of human personality, and that parental child rearing styles exert an influence on other aspects of personality that trait theorists have overlooked. Recall that, as described above, the core variables of trait theory are peoples average tendencies to exhibit general styles of emotion or behavior. It is noteworthy that none of these personality trait variables addresses peoples self-concept. Although trait theorists surely do recognize that people have self-concepts, they seem to have eliminated the notion of self-concept from the core of personality.Self-concept is not a personality structure in their view. This seems hard to defend, since peoples views of themselves are such a central feature of psychological experience. By focusing on overt styles of behavior, rather than the inner psychological life of the individual, including his or her views of self, trait theories may be missing an important aspect of human nature. The development of a stable conception of oneself and ones personal qualities is a cr itical feature of personality, and it may be one that is shaped to a large degree by interactions between children and their parents. References Harrington, D. , Block, J. H. & Block. J. (1987). Testing aspects of Carl Rogers theory of creative environments Child-rearing antecedents of creative potential in young adolescents. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 851-856. Pervin, L. A. , & John, O. P. (2001). Personality Theory and research (8th ed. ). New York John Wiley & Sons. Notes (Your paper would not have these notes these notes merely are intended for members of the class. They correspond to the circled numbers in the margins of the text. ) 1. This was a idealistic instance in which I wanted to quote directly from another source, in order to compass the precisely correct definition on the term.To indicate that the material is taken directly from the text defy, I put the passage in quotation marks and included the page number in the book that contains the origi nal material (p. 226). Note that you have to take these two steps even if you take only a few words from the other source. Even though it was only 7 words, Pervin and John wrote those words, not me, so they have to be in quotes. Otherwise, the material would be plagiarized. Any material that comes from another source and that appears in your paper has to be in quotation marks, and you must include the page number on the book or journal that contains the original material.In general, you should have very few passages of directly quoted material. The words in your paper should be yours, not somebody elses. 2. This paragraph is a useful one for this paper assignment. Perhaps the most difficult part of the assignment is to figure out how specific, concrete research findings relate to the general, abstract ideas of the personality theories. You should make clear to the reader how the study that you review relates to the two theories. 3. When writing the paper, you should provide some da ta about the type of study your are reviewing, as in this paragraph, and then should review the results.

The Mall as Prison

Author David Guterson, journalist and novelist, spent a week in The promenade of the States on assignment for Harpers Magazine. His screen, The centre(a) as Prison, tells his views on the Mall as a psychological effect on todays society. He uses witty and sarcastic comments to get his point across. Is American culture being corrupted by what Americans consider a retail structure that is vital to the excerption of our needs? He gives different aspects of why our view of a market prat is distraction. Guterson makes judgments in this essay about the Mall and the American culture.H integritystly I think that he needs to get with the times and accept this new evolution of shopping. Guterson starts with statistics and facts on the Mall as a retail complex. Opened in the summer of 1992, the nub was conveniently located close to the Minneapolis- St. Paul Airport. How ironically householdd. He starts to question the Mall and its creators. Was this Mall a tourist attraction? Or a orde r of entertainment that is substantially accessible to all types of people? Being a male, I feel that Guterson does non fully take account the resources found in this mall.Therefore, this is why he reacting negatively to the Mall. This Mall was designed to not only be a mall, but to also be a tourist attraction that would draw a transmutation of different people. Guterson talks about the look and atmosphere affecting the human psychology in the brain to think the situation was suitable. You should go into the mall with the intentions of shopping not with the intent of losing yourself in the malls design and structure. Guterson argues that communal areas should be built more for the intention of eternal desire for discourse and participation.Our society has lost our goals for what the marketplace should be. These goals cannot be accomplished in giant shopping malls, according to Guterson. Gutersons only example of the types of people who enjoy shopping at the Mall, is a convers ation that I feel is quite cliche and biased. He uses a conversation between two young women named Kathleen and Laura. The conversation is scam but says a lot about the types of people who shop at the Mall. They explain that shopping to them is a sickness or a drug. Laura says Seriously, I feel sorry for other malls.Theyre so small and boring. What does this idea say about todays youth views on malls and their expectations? Do all malls have to be like The Mall of America? The fact that the Mall is so big, it gives it a spare characteristic that no other mall can achieve. Not every trip to the mall has to be above and beyond. According to records, Rural Americans traditionally looked forward to the excitement and sensuality of market day. (Guterson 289) In the past, in that location were boundaries for market places. Today, anything entertaining is good enough. The Mall, according to Guterson, is not even a market place at all. He considers it a tourist attraction.The Mall is s upposed to be greater than any other mall or tourist attraction. It is supposed to be both. The idea that The Mall of America is a cultural movie is not even the word Guterson would use to explain this marvel. The mall has everything you would ever imagine in a theme park, mall, or institution. Anything from marriages to shootings happen in the Mall. Extreme malls arent stopping in just the get together States. Japan is planning on construct a $400 million dollar mall ace with an ice rink, a water park, a fantasy-theme hotel, three breweries, waterfalls, and a sports center.The concept of shopping will neer cease. Every megamall will try and out-do the last. Malls of the world will continue to grow bigger and bigger. Who knew that a place with no windows or clocks would be so claustrophobic yet popular? Who knew that a place selling everything imaginable would be the one of many centers of the United States economy? Who knew that this fantasy of a megamall would kick up someth ing so powerful as to inspire psychological dependence to spending money? No one would have seen it coming. But now that its here, do we take it for granted?Do we abuse our rights as humanness with free will? Guterson argues these points but does not make his conclusions clear. Ending in a sarcastic gossip about the Malls theme park, Camp Snoopy, I feel he does not conclude his thoughts to his essay. As for the future of megamalls? They will never stop impressing the public eye. But Guterson believes that we need to substantiation on track with our priorities. Guterson explains, I already knew that the Mall of America had been imagined by its creator not provided as a marketplace but as a national tourist attraction, an immense zone of entertainment. (Guterson 288)He sees the Mall as a distracting aspect of our society. Guterson makes judgment in this essay about the Mall of America and more broadly about American culture. He also talks about the building of The Mall of America as a tourist attraction and how the mall is degrading the art of architecture because its a waste of a building. Guterson has good credentials that make his opinion reliable, but I feel that he needs to look at the positive aspects that the Mall has for the economy and the United States riches systems. His opinion is respected, but he needs to appreciate what megamalls have offered the world.